Montero-Arias, Felicia

Background: Inconsistent results have been reported regarding mortality predictors of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Objective: We aim to describe prognostic features of MPE in patients evaluated over 5 years in a referral center. Methods: All consecutive MPEs (confirmed by pleural cytology or biopsy) from January 2009 to July 2014 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical data were collected from medical registries. Overall survival (OS) rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by the Cox proportional regression model. Results: A total of 110 patients were identified. Mean OS was 8.3 months (range: 25-426 days). No difference in OS was noted based on tumor type. Patients with MPE <50% had a significant better survival than those with malignant pleural effusion ≥50% (median OS: 15.7 vs 5.7 months; HR: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-2.78; P = .0026). After adjusting for confounding variables, MPE size was independently associated with mortality (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.11-2.91; P < .001). No association between glucose or pH in pleural fluid and OS was noted. Conclusion: Our study showed that MPE size, as determined by chest X-ray, is significantly associated with mortality.

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and is associated with a poor prognosis and poor responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy. We present a case of a woman with steroid-responsive biopsy-proven UIP with significant and sustained improvement in pulmonary function. A female in her 40s presented following a one-year history of progressive dyspnea, a 20 lb weight loss, and fatigue. Imaging of the chest with computed tomography (CT) showed bibasilar subpleural reticular opacities and minimal peripheral honeycombing. Comprehensive connective tissue disease (CTD) antibody testing was negative. Pulmonary function testing showed moderate impairment with reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC, 69% predicted), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 73% predicted), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO, 52% predicted). Surgical lung biopsy showed UIP with prominent inflammatory infiltrates. Following treatment with prednisone and azathioprine, the patient's symptoms resolved, while objective pulmonary function testing showed normalization of lung function, which is sustained at >4 years of follow-up. Improvement in lung function following immunosuppressive therapy is distinctly uncommon in either idiopathic or secondary UIP. This report suggests that occasionally, patients with secondary UIP occurring in the context of otherwise undefinable autoimmune clinical syndromes may be responsive to immunosuppressive therapy.