De Sousa Barzon Serra, Vinicius

Background: Patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular events, including dissection in other arterial territories such as cervical arteries. Those with combined coronary and cervical arterial dissection (CACAD) may have more widespread arterial abnormalities and worse outcomes, underscoring the need for better risk stratification and personalized care. Objective: This study examined the prevalence of cervical artery dissection (CvAD) in patients diagnosed with SCAD, evaluated potential risk factors for developing CvAD, and assessed their impact on clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality, SCAD recurrence, and stroke. The goal was to enhance risk stratification by identifying SCAD patients at increased risk for CvAD. Design: In this retrospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with SCAD between 2018 and 2024 across Mayo Clinic sites were identified using ICD-10 codes. Manual chart review confirmed CvAD diagnoses. Patients were stratified based on the presence or absence of CvAD. Chi-square and independent t-tests were used to compare risk factors and comorbidities. Univariate screening and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify predictors of CvAD. Results: Among 1380 patients with SCAD, 131 (9.5%) had CvAD. The median follow-up was 2.02 years (IQR: 1.1–5.2 years). All CvAD diagnoses were identified after the index SCAD event through systematic post-SCAD vascular imaging. The mean age was similar between groups (51.5 ± 11.3 years in CACAD vs. 50.9 ± 10.7 years in SCAD-only, p = 0.540), and the majority were female (93.9% vs. 91.9%, p = 0.529). Multivariable regression identified extremity arterial dissection (OR: 8.13, 95% CI: 3.41–19.36, p < 0.001), fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) (OR: 7.52, 95% CI: 4.67–12.10, p < 0.001), connective tissue disorders (CTDs) (OR: 6.85, 95% CI: 2.35–19.98, p < 0.001), and anxiety (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01–2.81, p = 0.044) as significant predictors of CvAD. CvAD was a strong independent predictor of stroke (OR: 6.37, 95% CI: 2.93–13.87, p < 0.001). Mortality and SCAD recurrence did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: Patients with CACAD demonstrate a systemic vascular phenotype with significantly higher rates of FMD, connective tissue disease, extremity arterial dissection, and stroke. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive vascular screening and individualized monitoring in at-risk SCAD patients.

Background/Objectives: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) often results from structural degeneration of the aortic wall. Traditional management focuses on hemodynamic control using beta-blockers (BB) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), originally developed for diabetes and weight management, may offer additional vascular protective benefits through anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and matrix-stabilizing mechanisms. However, their role in reducing mortality and thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) risk in patients with TAA has not been evaluated in human populations. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between GLP-1 RA use and the risks of mortality and thoracic aortic dissection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults diagnosed with TAA between 2018 and 2024 across three Mayo Clinic sites. Patients receiving GLP-1 RAs were compared with non-users using 1:1 propensity score matching. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incident TAD. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed. Results: A total of 32,279 patients with TAA, with a median age of 68.0 [IQR: 59.0–76.0] and 70.7% male, were included in a 1:1 propensity score match. This yielded a balanced cohort of 588 GLP-1 RA users and 588 non-users. Through a median follow-up of 4.1 (2.2, 5.9) years, GLP-1 RA use was associated with significantly lower 5-year cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality (5.0% vs. 14.5%, HR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.19–0.50; p < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (1.9% vs. 5.5%, HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13–0.70; p = 0.005), and TAD (0.9% vs. 4.0%, HR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.60; p < 0.0004). Conclusions: GLP-1 RAs are associated with reduced incidence of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and TAD incidence in patients with TAA. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate effects on aneurysm progression.