Lo, Wai–Kit

ABSTRACT Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of reflux disease were the central focus of the inaugural Gatherings in Esophagology (GiE), which convened experts across gastroenterology, surgery, otolaryngology, pulmonology, and basic research. The sessions highlighted innovations in reflux monitoring—including high‐resolution manometry, wireless pH monitoring, and novel salivary biomarkers—while critically evaluating their diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility. Presentations explored the limitations of traditional proton‐pump inhibitor therapy, the emergence of potassium‐competitive acid blockers as a new class of acid suppressants, and the evolving role of adjunctive treatments such as mucosal protectants, reflux reducers, and neuromodulators for refractory symptoms. The discourse extended to advanced interventional procedures, including transoral incisionless fundoplication, magnetic sphincter augmentation, and the RefluxStop device, with discussion of patient selection, efficacy, and complication management. Discussants emphasized the pathophysiology and management of extraesophageal manifestations of reflux, the interplay between reflux and pulmonary disease, and the diagnostic challenges in pediatric populations. The meeting also addressed the integration of behavioral therapies, the role of the microbiome, and the application of artificial intelligence in reflux diagnostics. Collectively, these insights underscore a shift toward precision medicine in reflux disease, emphasizing individualized diagnostic strategies and tailored therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes.

Goal: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pretransplant delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and posttransplant acute cellular rejection (ACR) in lung transplant recipients. Background: DGE is very prevalent (23% to 91%) after lung transplantation but pretransplant prevalence has not been well studied. DGE may lead to poor posttransplant outcomes by predisposing to microaspiration. Pretransplant testing for DGE may help identify patients at risk for negative posttransplant outcomes including ACR. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients undergoing prelung transplant evaluation at a tertiary referral center from 2010 to 2015 was performed. Patients with pretransplant gastric emptying scintigraphy were included in the study. ACR diagnosis was made using International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) histologic criteria. Typical gastroparesis symptoms at the time of gastric emptying scintigraphy and pretransplant 24-hour pH impedance monitoring (MII-pH) data was collected. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to account for gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Results: A total of 83 subjects (18 with DGE, 51.8% male, mean age: 53.6 y) met the criteria for inclusion. Patients with DGE were more likely to have typical symptoms of gastroparesis, though 61.1% of DGE patients were asymptomatic. ACR was more prevalent in patients with DGE (33.3% vs. 12.3%, P =0.04). This correlation was independent of GER as measured by MII-pH on subgroup analysis (75% vs. 14.3%, n=0.02). Discussion: Lung transplant recipients with pretransplant DGE have a higher incidence of ACR, independent of GER. Routine pretransplant testing for DGE may help identify patients at greater risk for adverse posttransplant outcomes as the majority of patients with DGE are asymptomatic.