Klee, E. B.

ABSTRACT Background LINS1 , the human homolog of the Drosophila segment polarity gene, encodes a key regulator of the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway. While numerous genes have been implicated in intellectual disability (ID), only a limited number have been conclusively associated with autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID). Variants in LINS1 have been identified as one such cause. Methods In this study, we employed exome sequencing (ES) to investigate the genetic basis of ID in two consanguineous Iranian families. This variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and segregation analysis supported its pathogenicity. Additionally, in silico analyses were conducted to explore the protein–protein interaction network of LINS1 and its functional connections to ID‐associated proteins. Results We identified a novel homozygous missense variant in LINS1 (c.1354G>C), leading to an alanine‐to‐proline substitution (p.Ala452Pro) in exon six. Conclusion Our findings provide new molecular and clinical insights into the role of LINS1 in ARID, expanding the genetic landscape of ID. This discovery has significant implications for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis, aiding in the identification of at‐risk couples.

Abstract Background Electronic health record (EHR)–based prognostic modeling is increasingly used in oncology, yet incorporating pharmacogenomic (PGx) knowledge derived from experimental systems into clinical prediction frameworks remains challenging. This gap is driven by fundamental mismatches between controlled drug–mutation assays and heterogeneous, incomplete real-world clinical data. Methods We propose a representation transfer framework that integrates PGx embeddings learned from large-scale in vitro pharmacogenomic screens into patient-level EHR models. A frozen pharmacogenomic encoder is used to generate interaction-aware embeddings from patient mutation profiles and administered therapies, which are aggregated into a fixed-length PGx Complementarity Representation. These representations are incorporated into multimodal survival prediction models alongside standard clinical features. Performance was evaluated using systematic modality ablation analyses, attribution analyses, and exploratory unsupervised representation analyses. Results Integrating PGx embeddings yielded consistent performance improvements across all evaluated modality combinations. Relative gains were largest in modality-sparse settings, where baseline EHR features encode limited biological context, and were attenuated—but remained significant—in biologically enriched configurations. Attribution analyses indicated that PGx embeddings contributed non-redundant predictive signal beyond standard clinical features. Exploratory unsupervised analyses further demonstrated that the learned representations exhibit interpretable association patterns aligned with known therapeutic exposures and pathway-level associations. Conclusion These findings suggest that externally learned pharmacogenomic representations can be transferred into real-world EHR models as a context-dependent, non-redundant augmentation. By framing PGx knowledge as an interaction-aware representation rather than a mechanistic model, this work provides an informatics framework for integrating experimental pharmacogenomic data into clinical prediction tasks in a reproducible and interpretable manner.