Pereira, Larissa Karen

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The associations between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and MSKDs have been widely studied in Europe and North America. However, little data are available about their relationship in Latin America. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of chronic MSKDs in Brazil and assess their relationship with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Design: This is a cross-sectional study, based on a subanalysis of the open-access database from the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019. This survey was a nationwide, cross-sectional, door-to-door study that included 87,648 adults and was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Methods: Prevalence estimates were based on weighted sample strata, and the relationship between MSKD and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors was examined through network analysis and weighted Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results: The weighted prevalence of chronic MSKDs was estimated at 26.1% (95% confidence interval, 25.5%–26.8%). In the network analysis, including all socioeconomic and lifestyle variables, MSKDs prevalence was notably linked to higher body mass index, drinking, smoking, and low income. In the regression models, MSKD prevalence was associated with obesity, sleep disorders, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depression, and inversely associated with physical activity, even after controlling for the sociodemographic disparities. Conclusion: This study identifies specific socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with MSKDs and highlights the need for immediate national health promotion programs focused on MSKDs prevention through targeted lifestyle modifications, especially in populations belonging to the lower-income strata in Brazil.

Objective: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMB) in Brazil, and their relationship with a healthy lifestyle score based on the six pillars of lifestyle medicine proposed by the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. Methods: Data were derived from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional study. The prevalence of CVDs/CMB was based on medical-endorsed, self-reported diagnoses and weighted for sample strata. A healthy lifestyle score (0-14 points; the higher the score, the better) incorporates physical activity, diet, sleep, mental health, risky substance use, and social connections. Results: Among 88,531 adults included in the analysis (mean age: 47.1 years; 52.9% female), the weighted prevalence of CVDs/CMB ranged from 1.9% (stroke) to 25.9% (hypertension). Weighted Poisson regression models, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and geographic disparities, showed an inverse linear relationship between lifestyle score and CVDs/CMB prevalence. Participants in the highest lifestyle score quartile exhibited lower prevalence for heart diseases [0.48 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.53)], stroke [0.35 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.43)], hypertension [0.85 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.90)], diabetes [0.80 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.91)], dyslipidemia [0.73 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.80)], and obesity [0.81 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.88)], compared to the lowest quartile ( P < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Higher scores on the six pillars of lifestyle medicine are associated with a lower prevalence of major CVDs/CMB in Brazil.