Cardoni, M. Elizabeth

Abstract There is a bidirectional relationship between substance use disorders and sleep disturbances. Substance misuse, including chronic use of alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and cocaine, impacts both the subjective quality and objective measures of sleep. In turn, sleep disturbances, including insomnia, have been linked to the initiation, maintenance, and relapse of substance use disorder. This chapter summarizes recent research findings on the characteristics of sleep disturbances among individuals with substance use disorders. It then discusses available tools to aid sleep clinicians in diagnosing substance use disorders in their patients. Finally, it outlines key options and considerations for non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments of sleep disorders in the substance use disorder population.