Sviggum, Erik

Background: Anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne infection that typically presents as a non-specific febrile illness, with variable degrees of cytopenias and liver tests abnormalities. Severe complications remain atypical and uncommon. Case Report: We report a case of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) occurring during confirmed anaplasmosis in a 73-year-old male with no traditional thromboembolic risk factors. The patient presented with fever, constitutional symptoms, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and abnormal liver tests, raising suspicion for a tick-borne illness. Despite early clinical improvement on doxycycline, persistent tachycardia triggered further evaluation and uncovered an acute PE. Comprehensive workup at admission and repeated 14 months later excluded inherited and acquired thrombophilias, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and alternative infectious etiologies. The patient was treated with doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days and anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin followed by 6 months of apixaban for a first episode of provoked PE. He attained complete clinical recovery without recurrence of thrombosis at the two-year follow-up. Discussion: Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as contributors to thrombosis through inflammation-mediated hypercoagulability and endothelial dysfunction. Pulmonary involvement in anaplasmosis typically manifests as pneumonitis, pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, but thrombotic complications such as PE are exceedingly rare. This case highlights a rare but clinically significant vascular complication of anaplasmosis and underscores the importance of considering thromboembolic events in patients with persistent or unexplained tachycardia. Conclusions: As the incidence of anaplasmosis continues to rise, greater awareness of its potential cardiovascular manifestations is essential. Early recognition and prompt treatment with doxycycline remain critical, while further studies are needed to better define the thrombotic risk associated with this infection.

Background and Objectives: Angioedema is a non-pitting edema of the submucosal layer which can be acquired or inherited and usually presents with hives. Intestinal angioedema is rare and can mimic other acute gastrointestinal disorders. It is typically associated with a lack or dysfunction of C1-inhibitor, with a small number of cases having normal C1-inhibitor function. We present a rare case of chronic recurrent intestinal angioedema in a patient with normal C1-inhibitor function who did not respond to icatibant therapy. Case presentation: A 56-year-old woman presented with 3 days of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. She denied a history of allergies and reported a 30-year history of similar episodes requiring hospitalization. Initial evaluation demonstrated normal C4 and C1 esterase inhibitor function with negative gastrointestinal bacterial and viral panel. A CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated acute diffuse bowel thickening and prominent mesenteric lymph nodes. MRI demonstrated inflammation of the small and large bowel. EGD and colonoscopy findings were normal. She was diagnosed with intestinal angioedema and started on icatibant without significant improvement. Her symptoms resolved after 3 days of supportive therapy and resolution of inflammation was noted on imaging. She was discharged home with allergy and immunology follow-up. Conclusions: Intestinal angioedema is under-recognized and presentation can overlap with other pathologies of the GI tract. Extensive work up is needed during the first episode of an attack and complement levels should be checked in all patients. Appropriate classification is important as it dictates therapy. However, ambiguous cases like ours sometimes cannot be classified into any specific category.