Pinton, Philippe

Abstract Background Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL; REBYOTA®), is the first single-dose, broad consortia, microbiota-based live biotherapeutic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to prevent recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) in adults following standard-of-care antimicrobials. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common risk factor for rCDI, yet patients with IBD are often excluded from prospective trials. This subgroup analysis of PUNCH CD3-OLS (NCT03931941) evaluated the safety and efficacy of RBL in participants with rCDI and IBD. Methods Participants with IBD (ulcerative colitis [UC], Crohn’s disease [CD], or unspecified) who had rCDI were included. Treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) data were collected for up to 6 months following RBL administration. Efficacy outcomes included treatment success at 8 weeks and sustained clinical response at 6 months. Results Overall, 793 participants were enrolled, and 697 received RBL; 74 had IBD (UC: n = 45; CD: n = 25; unspecified IBD: n = 4). TEAEs within 8 weeks of administration were reported by 45.9% and 47.5% of participants with and without IBD, respectively; most were mild or moderate gastrointestinal symptoms. Serious TEAEs within 8 weeks of administration were reported by 1.4% and 4.2% of participants with and without IBD, respectively. The treatment success rate at 8 weeks was 78.9%, and the sustained clinical response rate at 6 months was 91.1% in participants with IBD, similar to rates in participants without IBD (73.2% and 91.0%, respectively). Conclusions The results of this subgroup analysis of PUNCH CD3-OLS suggest RBL is safe and efficacious in patients with IBD.