Kadariya, Suman

Background: According to the American Cancer Society, there are currently over 18 million adult cancer survivors in the US, and by 2030, that figure is estimated to rise to over 22 million. While this is positive, more and more survivors are now at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypothesis: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between cancer survivors and cardiovascular event. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases from inception until March 2024 using appropriate Mesh terms for ‘Cancer’, and ‘cardiovascular risk’. Pooled risk ratios (RR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random effects models. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of nine studies with 1,209,168 people (Cancer survivor: 140697 and non-cancer: 1068471) were included in our study. The mean follow-up duration was 12.4 years. The risk of cardiovascular events was seen in all cancer survivors (RR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.31-2.08, P <0.05). The cardiovascular risk was statistically significant in patients with leukemia (RR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.54-1.88), lung cancer (RR: 1.99, 95%CI: 1.38-2.6) and lymphoma (RR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.29-2.01), and comparable in breast cancer (RR: 1.22, 95%CI: 0.98-1.46), colorectal cancer (RR: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.89-1.37), prostate cancer (RR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.99-1.17) and thyroid cancer (RR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.57-1.35). Conclusion: Our study showed that overall cancer survivors had significant risk for cardiovascular events; mainly leukemia, lung cancer, and lymphoma patients had a significant result. Early identification, continuous monitoring, and proactive management strategies are essential to mitigate the long-term cardiovascular effects of cancer treatments.