Axelrod, Steve

ABSTRACT Background Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) is considered the standard for differentiating gastroparesis from functional dyspepsia and other foregut disorders characterized by nausea and vomiting but provides only a brief physiologic snapshot that may not accurately reflect daily function. We utilized a non‐invasive wireless patch system (WPS) to characterize multiday gastric myoelectrical activity, evaluate its relationship with GES, and assess changes following a therapeutic intervention. Methods Adults referred for GES for symptoms thought to represent gastroparesis were enrolled in a prospective study. Patients wore a WPS for up to 6 days, starting on the day of scintigraphy. Gastric myoelectrical activity was analyzed and categorized into relatively weak, relatively moderate, and relatively strong activity phenotypes. A subset of patients underwent repeat monitoring following individualized therapeutic interventions (e.g., anti‐emetics, proton pump inhibitors, lifestyle changes). Results Forty‐eight patients (mean age 44; 79% female) completed the study. GES identified delayed gastric emptying in 18%, rapid in 22%, and normal in 60% of subjects. During the 4‐h concurrent GES window, gastric activity in patients with delayed emptying was lower, but this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.08). When compared to the full multiday recording period, GES results showed no correlation with the myoelectric readings. Significant day‐to‐day variability was observed, both random and systemic. In the latter category, a “Test‐Day” dip was observed with gastric activity lowest on Day 1 (GES test day) and increasing significantly on subsequent days, stabilizing by Day 4 ( p < 0.001). Healthy control subjects recorded during normal daily routines showed no such day‐to‐day variation. In the retesting cohort, anti‐emetics produced robust increases in gastric amplitude, whereas PPIs showed minimal impact. Conclusions The WPS effectively captures distinct gastric phenotypes and quantifies physiologic responses to therapy in both gastric and intestinal regions, demonstrating its clinical utility as a robust tool for evaluating and managing foregut symptoms in real‐world settings. Importantly, the multiday WPS highlights significant day‐to‐day physiologic variability in gastric activity that extends beyond the single‐day GES ‘snapshot’.

BACKGROUND: Early recognition of postoperative ileus remains difficult. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether myoelectric activity recorded by a noninvasive, wireless patch system correlated with the onset of postoperative ileus/bowel dysfunction. DESIGN: Single-arm, prospective study. The surgeon was blinded to myoelectric bowel activity until study completion. SETTINGS: Single surgeon, tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Consecutive adult patients undergoing abdominal colorectal surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Three wireless patches acquiring myoelectrical GI activity were placed on the abdomen after surgery and removed before hospital discharge/reoperation. All patients followed an enterprise-specific enhanced recovery protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ileus (nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention requiring nasogastric tube placement) or bowel dysfunction (similar symptoms without nasogastric tube needed) detected clinically within 30 postoperative days. Daily gut activity prints (histograms of the frequencies of all peaks detected in 10-minute time windows) were created for each patient for every 4-hour period after surgery, and activity was averaged and plotted for each group. Peaks in the 8 to 12 cycles per minute range were assigned to intestinal activity, and the energy under the peaks was summed through day 1, day 2, and day 3 and compared among patients. RESULTS: Patch application on 46 enrolled cases undergoing abdominal colorectal surgery (open in 17, robotic in 11, laparoscopic in 18) was not associated with any adverse events. Hyperactive intestinal activity was significantly higher in 12 patients who developed postoperative ileus/bowel dysfunction within 16 hours postoperatively ( p = 0.041), with a more pronounced difference at 20 and 24 hours ( p = 0.016 and p = 0.013, respectively). LIMITATIONS: Data were collected blindly during standard postoperative care; therefore, the integration of technology into clinical practice remains to be tested. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive measurement of intestinal myoelectrical activity allowed early identification of postoperative ileus/bowel dysfunction. Future studies will assess the possible advantages deriving from the integration of this system into clinical practice. See Video Abstract . LOS PICOS INTESTINALES HIPERACTIVOS OBSERVADOS POCAS HORAS DESPUÉS DE LA CIRUGÍA COLORRECTAL IDENTIFICAN A LOS PACIENTES QUE DESARROLLAN ÍLEO POSOPERATORIO ANTECEDENTES: El reconocimiento precoz del íleo posoperatorio sigue siendo difícil. OBJETIVO: Determinar si la actividad mioeléctrica registrada por un sistema de parches inalámbricos no invasivos se correlacionaba con la aparición de íleo posoperatorio/disfunción intestinal. DISEÑO: Estudio prospectivo de un solo grupo. El cirujano desconocía la actividad mioeléctrica intestinal hasta la finalización del estudio. ENTORNO: Un solo cirujano, centro de referencia terciario. PACIENTES: Pacientes adultos consecutivos sometidos a cirugía colorrectal abdominal. INTERVENCIONES: Se colocaron tres parches inalámbricos que registraban la actividad mioeléctrica gastrointestinal en el abdomen después de la cirugía y se retiraron antes del alta hospitalaria o la reintervención. Todos los pacientes siguieron un protocolo de recuperación mejorada específico de la empresa. PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO: Íleo (náuseas, vómitos, distensión abdominal que requiere la colocación de una sonda nasogástrica) o disfunción intestinal (síntomas similares sin necesidad de sonda nasogástrica) detectados clínicamente en los 30 días posteriores a la operación. Se crearon GutPrints (histogramas de frecuencias de todos los picos detectados en intervalos de 10 minutos) de la actividad intestinal diaria para cada periodo de 4 horas tras la cirugía, se promediaron y se representaron gráficamente para cada uno de los grupos. Los picos en el rango de 8 a 12 cpm (ciclos por minuto) se asignaron a la actividad intestinal y la energía bajo los picos se sumó a lo largo del día 1, el día 2 y el día 3 y se comparó entre los pacientes. RESULTADOS: La aplicación del parche en 46 casos inscritos sometidos a cirugía colorrectal abdominal (abierta en 17, robótica en 11 y laparoscópica en 18) no se asoció con ningún evento adverso. La actividad intestinal hiperactiva fue significativamente mayor en 12 pacientes que desarrollaron íleo postoperatorio/disfunción intestinal en las 16 horas posteriores a la operación ( p = 0,041), con una diferencia más pronunciada a las 20 y 24 horas ( p = 0,016 y p = 0,013, respectivamente). LIMITACIONES: Los datos se recopilaron de forma ciega durante la atención posoperatoria estándar, por lo que aún queda por comprobar la integración de la tecnología en la práctica clínica. CONCLUSIONES: La medición no invasiva de la actividad mioeléctrica intestinal permitió la identificación temprana del íleo/disfunción intestinal posoperatoria. En futuros estudios se evaluarán las posibles ventajas derivadas de la integración de este sistema en la práctica clínica. ( AI-generated translation )

AbstractBackgroundGastric sensorimotor disorders (functional dyspepsia [FD] and gastroparesis [GP]) are prevalent and burdensome. Prolonged ambulatory recording using a wireless patch may provide novel information in these patients.MethodsConsecutive adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) referred for gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) were eligible for study inclusion. Patients were excluded if they had prior foregut surgery; were taking opioids or other medications known to affect gastric emptying; had a HgbA1C > 10; or were recently hospitalized. Three wireless motility patches were applied to the skin prior to GES. Patients wore the patches for 6 days while recording meals, symptoms, and bowel movements using an iPhone app.Key ResultsTwenty‐three consecutive adults (87% women; mean age = 43.9 years; mean BMI = 26.7 kg/m2) were enrolled. A gastric histogram revealed three levels of gastric myoelectric activity: weak, moderate, and strong. Patients with delayed gastric emptying at 4 h had weak gastric myoelectrical activity. Patients with nausea and vomiting had strong intestinal activity. Those with FD had weak gastric and intestinal myoelectric activity, and a weak meal response in the stomach, intestine, and colon compared to those with nausea alone or vomiting alone.Conclusions and InferencesPatients with FD, and those with delayed gastric emptying, had unique gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity patterns. Reduced postprandial pan‐intestinal myoelectric activity may explain the symptoms of FD in some patients. Recording gastrointestinal activity over a prolonged period in the outpatient setting has the potential to identify unique pathophysiologic patterns and meal‐related activity that distinguishes patients with distinct gastric sensorimotor disease states.