Javier, Rafael Cortorreal

Background: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) ranks as the 10th primary cause of mortality and the 11th for disability among all cardiovascular diseases in the U.S. Method: We employed the Global Burden of Disease 2019 framework. PAD non-fatal health outcomes were analyzed using the DisMod MR 2.1 (Bayesian meta-regression tool) and determined fatal health outcome with the cause of death ensemble model (CODEm), segmented by age, gender, year, and location from 1990-2019 across the U.S. Results: The annual percentage change (APC) revealed a 26% (9.9-12.4 million) increase in overall prevalence and incidence, a significant 152% (5,757-14,527) rise in deaths, and a 98% (119,253-236,031) uptick in DALYs during 1990-2019. Notably, while the age-standardized incidence rate dipped by 28% (267-193), death and DALY rates climbed by 33% (1.7-2.27) and 11% (36-39) respectively. Delaware witnessed the highest APC in deaths 118% (2.33-5.08) per 100,000, trailed by Colorado with a 58% (35-55) rise in DALYs. Individuals under 70 experienced a 118% (1052-2294) surge in APC for deaths and a 28% (458,357-588,135) increase in incidence. In absolute numbers, males bore a heavier PAD burden, yet females exhibited elevated age-standardized rates from 1990-2019. Conclusion: The study underscores a concerning rise in PAD in the U.S. from 1990-2019, accounted for 1.52% deaths of all cardiovascular related casualties in 2019. Delaware and Colorado have notably high increases in PAD-related outcomes. From both a clinical and public health perspective, addressing high fasting plasma glucose and sodium-rich diets is crucial, as they stand as leading risk factors in PAD's burgeoning prevalence.