Denton, Alexa

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to identify existing literature on recurrent atypical mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis to augment our understanding of a unique patient who presented to our tertiary‐care center 5‐years posttreatment with recurrence following curettage.Data SourcesOVID Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science.MethodsA literature search was conducted yielding 49 original articles which were screened twice by two independent reviewers resulting in 14 studies meeting inclusion criteria for data extraction using Covidence software. Two independent reviewers extracted data on recurrence of atypical mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis and consensus was reached on data points from all included studies.ResultsThis study illuminated the paucity of recurrence reporting in the literature regarding atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis. Sixteen studies identified in our review included discussions on recurrence with few elaborating beyond the rate of recurrence to describe their management. Fourteen out of sixteen studies provided recurrence rates for their cohort, 11 out of 14 specified the initial treatment modality, and only five out of eight studies that described initial treatment with surgery differentiated recurrence rates between complete and incomplete excision. The mean length of follow‐up in the included studies was 20 months. There was one previously reported case of late recurrence at 5‐years.ConclusionsWe identified few reports that discussed the management of recurrence of atypical mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis. There was minimal data on recurrence rates between surgical treatment modalities. The case discussed in our study showcases that treatment with curettage has the potential to present with late recurrence.

Introduction: Most studies evaluating gender disparities in surgical specialties as a career choice are limited to high-income countries and have largely evaluated surgical subspecialties in aggregate. Objective: This study aimed to describe gender-based differences in otolaryngology specialty selection amongst medical students, trainees, and attendings/consultants across both low- and middle-income (LMICs) and high-income countries. Materials and methods: An online cross-sectional survey with 2 arms was administered. The first arm asked medical students about gender-related factors that impact interest in otolaryngology. The second arm asked otolaryngology residents and attendings about gender-related factors that impacted otolaryngology specialty selection and career satisfaction. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographics and survey responses. Responses were compared by gender using χ2 and Fisher Exact tests. Subgroup analyses between gender and country income status were also conducted. Results: There were 67 medical student respondents (45% male, 54% female, 1.5% nonbinary) and 38 attending/consultant or resident respondents (47% male, 53% female, 0% nonbinary). Thirty-six (36%) of medical students were from LMICs, while 45% of attending/residents were from LMICs. Overall, the results demonstrated gender discrimination and gender-based barriers against female medical students considering otolaryngology and otolaryngologists worldwide that may not be recognized by their male colleagues. Conclusion: The results of these surveys highlight the need for continued education and anti-discrimination policy and advocacy in otolaryngology globally. This information can be leveraged to inform regionally specific research on gender disparities in the otolaryngology workforce and provide a foundation for initiatives to address gender disparities in otolaryngology programs.