Patel, Tejasvi

Abstract Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic’s disease, is one of the demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system, with autoimmune inflammatory etiology. The optic nerves and spinal cord are the major organs involved in the disease; however, the involvement of the brain can also be seen in rare instances. Here, we report a case of a 34-year-old female, diagnosed with NMO and concurrent nephrotic syndrome (NS). NMO was diagnosed by positive Aquaporin-4 antibodies in the serum, radio imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord showing the demyelinating lesions, as well as the presence of optic neuritis on visually evoked potential. Biochemical investigations revealed heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, meeting the diagnostic criteria of NS. Therefore, considering the diagnosis of NMO with NS, the patient was treated with plasmapheresis and methylprednisolone pulse therapy. This concurrence is very uncommon in clinical practice, as previously only two such cases are reported to date.