Pinto, Melissa D.

Abstract Objectives The primary objective of this research is to assess the content coverage of nursing data within a publicly available common data model (CDM), focusing on how nursing data, documented in flowsheets, are represented within the model. Materials and Methods This mapping study was informed by previous evaluation studies and serves as a framework for evaluating information resources, including to guide development and implementation. The overall research process consists of 4 steps: (1) identify a CDM; (2) define evaluation criteria; (3) map nursing flowsheet data; and (4) apply evaluation criteria. Results Overall, 65.5% (n = 1170) of the flowsheet concepts were mapped to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) target codes and 56.0% (n = 1831) of the flowsheet values were mapped to SNOMED CT and LOINC target codes. The flowsheet concepts had a higher average mapping time per concept/reviewer (1.19 min) as compared to the average mapping time per value/reviewer (0.64 min). Discussion This mapping study demonstrated the progress and ongoing challenges of mapping nursing data to a national common data model. However, the ability to use nursing data at scale in a national CDM remains limited until more comprehensive mapping is completed. Conclusion This mapping study identifies a significant gap in integrating nursing data into a national common data model, highlighting an opportunity to enhance patient care through improved real-time insights and evidence-based nursing practices. Addressing this gap can help shape policies that prioritize the inclusion of nursing data. Additionally, aligning nursing data at scale can advance research, increase efficiency, and optimize nurse-sensitive patient outcomes.

Health problems associated with post-acute COVID-19, also known as “Long COVID,” range from mild to severe. The best defense against this potentially serious condition is to prevent COVID-19 infection and reinfection. The same preventive measures for COVID-19 may be used to help prevent the spread of Long COVID. This study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine whether and how public understanding and awareness of Long COVID and its prevention shape the adoption of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. N = 605 English-speaking U.S.-based adults were recruited via Qualtrics. Predictors of intention to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors were investigated. Outcomes included behaviors relevant to preventing both acute and Long COVID. Across all models, except the one examining intent to get a vaccine booster, Black respondents were more likely than White respondents to express intent to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors. In addition, HBM constructs added significantly to the regression models. Susceptibility to Long COVID was significant for all behavioral outcomes (all p s < .05), self-efficacy for wearing a mask ( p < .001), and self-efficacy for testing for COVID-19 after exposure and before a social event ( p s < .001). In addition, perceived benefits for Long COVID prevention predicted intent of mask-wearing ( p < .001), testing before a social event ( p = .002), and getting a vaccine booster ( p = .001). Perceived severity of Long COVID did not significantly predict adherence to preventive behaviors. U.S. adults are more likely to express intent to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors, such as masking and receiving booster vaccines, when they report feeling greater susceptibility to Long COVID as well as greater self-efficacy for engaging in these preventive behaviors. Public health messaging about Long COVID with incorporation of HBM constructs may be an effective means of increasing continued recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviors, which also hold co-benefits for prevention of infections, such as influenza and measles, as well as emerging viruses such as avian flu.

Abstract Aims and Objectives To determine the frequency, timing, and duration of post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (PASC) and their impact on health and function. Background Post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is an emerging major public health problem that is poorly understood and has no current treatment or cure. PASC is a new syndrome that has yet to be fully clinically characterised. Design Descriptive cross‐sectional survey ( n = 5163) was conducted from online COVID‐19 survivor support groups who reported symptoms for more than 21 days following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods Participants reported background demographics and the date and method of their covid diagnosis, as well as all symptoms experienced since onset of covid in terms of the symptom start date, duration, and Likert scales measuring three symptom‐specific health impacts: pain and discomfort, work impairment, and social impairment. Descriptive statistics and measures of central tendencies were computed for participant demographics and symptom data. Results Participants reported experiencing a mean of 21 symptoms (range 1–93); fatigue (79.0%), headache (55.3%), shortness of breath (55.3%) and difficulty concentrating (53.6%) were the most common. Symptoms often remitted and relapsed for extended periods of time (duration M = 112 days), longest lasting symptoms included the inability to exercise ( M = 106.5 days), fatigue ( M = 101.7 days) and difficulty concentrating, associated with memory impairment ( M = 101.1 days). Participants reported extreme pressure at the base of the head, syncope, sharp or sudden chest pain, and “brain pressure” among the most distressing and impacting daily life. Conclusions Post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can be characterised by a wide range of symptoms, many of which cause moderate‐to‐severe distress and can hinder survivors' overall well‐being. Relevance to Clinical Practice This study advances our understanding of the symptoms of PASC and their health impacts.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is defined as persistent symptoms after apparent recovery from acute COVID-19 infection, also known as COVID-19 long-haul. We performed a retrospective review of electronic health records (EHR) from the University of California COvid Research Data Set (UC CORDS), a de-identified EHR of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in California. The purposes were to (1) describe the prevalence of PASC, (2) describe COVID-19 symptoms and symptom clusters, and (3) identify risk factors for PASC. Data were subjected to non-negative matrix factorization to identify symptom clusters, and a predictive model of PASC was developed. PASC prevalence was 11% (277/2,153), and of these patients, 66% (183/277) were considered asymptomatic at days 0–30. Five PASC symptom clusters emerged and specific symptoms at days 0–30 were associated with PASC. Women were more likely than men to develop PASC, with all age groups and ethnicities represented. PASC is a public health priority.

AbstractAimThis paper proposes a novel, trauma‐informed, conceptual model of care for Post‐Acute Sequelae of COVID‐19 illness (PASC).DesignThis paper describes essential elements, linkages and dimensions of the model that affect PASC patient experiences and the potential impact of trauma‐informed care on outcomes.Data sourcesPASC is a consequence of the global pandemic, and a new disease of which little is known. Our model was derived from the limited available studies, expert clinical experience specific to PASC survivors and publicly available social media narratives authored by PASC survivors.Implications for nursingThe model provides a critical and novel framework for the understanding and care of persons affected by PASC. This model is aimed at the provision of nursing care, with the intention of reducing the traumatic impacts of the uncertain course of this disease, a lack of defined treatment options and difficulties in seeking care. The use of a trauma‐informed care approach to PASC patients can enhance nurses' ability to remediate and ameliorate both the traumatic burden of and the symptoms and experience of the illness.ConclusionApplying a trauma‐informed perspective to care of PASC patients can help to reduce the overall burden of this complex condition. Owing to the fundamentally holistic perspective of the nursing profession, nurses are best positioned to implement care that addresses multiple facets of the PASC experience.ImpactThe proposed model specifically addresses the myriad ways in which PASC may affect physical as well as mental and psychosocial dimensions of health. The model particularly seeks to suggest means of supporting patients who have already experienced a life‐threatening illness and are now coping with its long‐term impact. Since the scope of this impact is not yet defined, trauma‐informed care for PASC patients is likely to reduce the overall health and systems burdens of this complex condition.