Scott, Phillip D.

Advances in extracorporeal life support have expanded indications for use extending beyond patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The approach to cannulation in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be individualized and based on the specific clinical scenario in which the need arises. Adherence to proper techniques of vessel visualization, exposure, and cannulation along with accurate placement of cannulae will optimize flows and minimize complications in this setting. Patients in need of mechanical circulatory support require input from a multidisciplinary team approach with systematic clinical evaluation to optimize outcome. If hemodynamics do not initially permit the successful separation from mechanical support, then a systematic search for potentially reversible patient and/ or pump related factors should be undertaken. The success of this therapy is predicated on patient selection, a multidisciplinary team approach in the intensive care unit, adherence to precise technical principles, and repeated patient evaluation.

Though much has been surveyed and written about the equipment aspects of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in the past 10 years, there is value in reviewing the use and nonuse of multiple safety devices and techniques. Minimally equipped ECLS circuits for adult and pediatric bridge to decision during cardiac and respiratory failure are rapidly gaining popularity to maintain simplicity and portability. ECLS circuits employed for long-term therapy are outfitted differently and should include more safety devices. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast the spectrum of minimally equipped ECLS circuits to circuits with maximum flexibility and safety device protection. Due to the lack of high-level, well-controlled scientific studies regarding ECLS equipment and safety devices, this study reviews the basis for how we use ECLS circuits and devices in our institution to provide safe patient support.