Klockner, Friederike Sophie

Background: Humeral offset (HO) and glenoidal offset (GO) are important morphological parameters in diagnostics and therapy for shoulder pathologies. However, physiological reference values have not yet been sufficiently determined. The aim of the present study was to establish physiological reference values for shoulder offset parameters (SOPs). Methods: MRI images of the shoulder joints of 800 patients (mean age: 50.13 years [±16.01]) were analysed retrospectively. HO, GO, lateral glenoidal humeral offset (LGHO), humeral shaft axis offset (HAO) and cortical offset (CO) were measured. SOPs were examined for associations with age, gender, side and osteoarthritis. Results: The mean HO was 26.19 (±2.70), the mean GO was 61.79 (±5.67), the mean LGHO was 54.49 (±4.69), the mean HAO was 28.17 (±2.82) and the mean CO was 16.70 (±3.08). For all SOPs, significantly higher values were measured in male shoulders. There was a significantly (p < 0.001) higher mean value for HO, GO and LGHO in right shoulders. There was a significant correlation between age and LGHO, and HAO and CO, but not between age and HO or GO. Shoulders with osteoarthritis and non-osteoarthritis did not differ in the mean value of HO, GO, LGHO and HAO, except for CO (p = 0.049). Conclusion: Reference values for SOPs in the adult shoulder joint were determined for the first time. Significant gender-specific differences were found for all measured SOPs. In addition, it was seen that for some SOPs, the joint side and the patient’s age has to be taken into account in shoulder diagnostics and surgery.

Background: The tibial slope (TS) defines the posterior inclination of the tibial plateau (TP). The “individual physiological” TS plays a crucial role in knee-joint stability and should be taken into account in knee-joint surgery. The aim of this study was to analyse the specific morphology of the TS for the medial (med) and lateral (lat) TP in relation to patient characteristics and the measurement method. Methods: In this retrospective study, MRI images of knee joints from 720 patients (mean age: 49.9 years [±17.14]) were analysed. The TS was assessed using two established methods according to Hudek (TSH) and Karimi (TSK) for the med and lat TP and gender/side specificity was analysed. Results: TSH for the med and lat TP showed significantly (p < 0.001) different values compared to TSK (TSKmed: 2.6° (±3.7), TSHmed: 4.8° (±3.5); TSKlat: 3.0° (±4.0), TSHlat: 5.2° (±3.9)). The angles of the lat TP were significantly higher than those of the med TP (TSK: p < 0.001; TSH: p = 0.002). Females showed a higher med and lat TS compared to males (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The measurement method has an influence on the values of the TS in knee-joint MRIs. The TS is significantly different for the med and lat TP regardless of the measurement method. There are gender-specific differences for the TS.