Subramaniam, Thirusivapragasam

Background: Multisegmental pathologic autofusion occurs in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). It may lead to reduced vertebral bone density due to stress shielding. Methods: This study aimed to determine the effects of autofusion on bone density by measuring Hounsfield units (HU) in the mobile and immobile spinal segments of patients with AS and DISH treated at a tertiary care center. The mean HU was calculated for five distinct regions—cranial adjacent mobile segment, cranial fused segment, mid-construct fused segment, caudal fused segment, and caudal adjacent mobile segment. Means for each region were compared using paired-sample t-tests. Multivariable regression was used to determine independent predictors of mid-fused segment HUs. Results: One hundred patients were included (mean age 76 ± 11 years, 74% male). The mean HU for the mid-construct fused segment (100, 95% CI [86, 113]) was significantly lower than both cranial and caudal fused segments (174 and 108, respectively; both p < 0.001), and cranial and caudal adjacent mobile segments (195 and 115, respectively; both p < 0.001). Multivariable regression showed the mid-construct HUs were predicted by history of smoking (−30 HU, p = 0.009). Conclusions: HUs were significantly reduced in the middle of long-segment autofusion, which was consistent with stress shielding. Such shielding may contribute to the diminution of vertebral bone integrity in AS/DISH patients and potentially increased fracture risk.

AbstractPhysicians, nurses, medical students, and nursing students from around the world are familiar with the Sister Mary Joseph nodule. It can appear in the subcutis of the umbilicus in persons who have malignancies of the stomach, pancreas, gynecological organs or urinary tract, or sometimes the respiratory tract. The mystery is how the term traveled overseas from a in Rochester, Minnesota, where Sister Joseph worked, to England, where it first appeared in publication in a textbook by a British surgeon, Hamilton Bailey. There is no record of Bailey ever meeting Sister Joseph or the Mayo brothers, or of his traveling to Mayo Clinic. This article explores the life of Sister Joseph, her influence on Dr William J. Mayo, and the life of Bailey.