Fischer, Luca

Abstract The ELARA trial indicates tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) is an effective anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (r/r FL). As ELARA is a single-arm trial, this study compares tisa-cel outcomes from the ELARA trial with usual care from a real-world cohort. ELARA enrolled 98 patients as of 29 March 2021 (median follow-up: 15 months from enrollment). Usual care data were obtained from ReCORD-FL, a global retrospective study of patients with r/r FL, who met similar eligibility criteria to ELARA. With a data cutoff date of 31 December 2020, 187 patients with ≥2 preceding treatment lines were included in the ReCORD-FL (median follow-up: 57 months from third-line) study. An indirect treatment comparison was performed for 97 patients from the ELARA trial and 143 patients from the ReCORD-FL study with no missing data on baseline factors. The line of therapy for which outcomes were assessed was selected or matched between cohorts using propensity score modeling. After baseline factor adjustment via weighting by odds, complete response rate (CRR; 95% confidence interval) was 69.1% (59.8%-78.3%) for tisa-cel vs. 37.3% (26.4%-48.3%) for usual care; overall response rate was 85.6% (78.7%-92.5%) vs. 63.6% (52.5%-74.7%). Kaplan-Meier probability of being progression/event-free at 12 months was 70.5% (61.4%-79.7%) for tisa-cel vs. 51.9% (40.6%-63.3%) for usual care, with hazard ratio (HR)=0.60 (0.34-0.86); 12-month overall survival was 96.6% (92.9%-100%) vs. 71.7% (61.2%-82.2%), with HR=0.2 (0.02-0.38). In conclusion, tisa-cel was associated with a 1.9-fold higher complete response rate and a 1.4-fold higher rate of being progression or event free at 12 months vs usual care, as well as a death risk reduction of 80%. The findings provide additional evidence on the benefit of tisa-cel in patients with r/r FL after ≥2 treatment lines. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03568461

This study (ReCORD-FL) sought to construct a historical control cohort to augment single-arm trials in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (r/r FL). A retrospective study in 10 centers across North America and Europe was conducted. Adults with grade 1–3A FL were required to be r/r after ≥2 therapy lines including an anti-CD20 and an alkylator. After first becoming r/r, patients were required to initiate ≥1 additional therapy line, which defined the study index date. Endpoints were observed from start of each therapy line (including index line) until death, last follow-up, or December 31, 2020. Endpoints were complete response (CR) rate, overall response rate (ORR), time to next treatment or death (TNT-D), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). One hundred eighty-seven patients were identified. Most patients’ (80.2%) index therapy occurred in third line (3L) (range, 3L–6L). Median follow-up from FL diagnosis was 9 years (range, 1–21 years). CR and ORR to the index therapy were 39.0% and 70.6%, respectively. Median (95% confidence interval) EFS from index was 14.6 (11.0-18.0) months; median OS from index was 10.6 years. Outcomes worsened across successive treatment lines and for patients who were double refractory (r/r to both an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and an alkylator) or POD24 (progressed ≤24 months after front-line anti-CD20) at index. Findings demonstrate the unmet need of FL patients with multiply relapsed, double refractory, or POD24 disease. Based on robustness of the historical data collected and comparability with a previous study (SCHOLAR-5), ReCORD-FL presents a valuable source of control data for comparative studies in r/r FL.

Abstract Background: In the ELARA (E2202) trial (NCT03568461), tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) demonstrated high response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (r/r FL), including those with high-risk disease, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 86% and complete response rate (CRR) of 66%. As ELARA did not include a comparator arm, an adjusted indirect treatment comparison (ITC) using patient-level data from a global retrospective cohort study was conducted. This study aimed to provide comparative, contextual evidence to the efficacy outcomes of tisa-cel from ELARA relative to standard of care (SOC) in routine practice. Methods: ELARA is an ongoing, single-arm, global, multicenter, phase II trial which evaluates the efficacy and safety of tisa-cel in adult patients with r/r FL. As of March 29, 2021, 98 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 15 months. SOC data were obtained from ReCORD-FL, a global retrospective cohort study of clinical outcomes in patients with r/r FL meeting the ELARA eligibility criteria who were treated per routine practice at 10 academic centers across North America and Europe; 7 ReCORD-FL sites are also participating in ELARA, but no patients are enrolled in both studies. In ReCORD-FL, with a data cutoff date of December 31, 2020, a total of 187 patients with ≥2 lines of previous treatment were identified for inclusion, with a median follow-up from third-line of 57 months. A complete-case comparison analysis was performed for 97 ELARA apheresed patients and 143 ReCORD-FL patients with complete data on all baseline variables and prognostic factors used for adjustment. For the comparative analysis, one line of therapy (LoT) per patient was selected using a propensity score model to identify the LoT which had the highest chance of being enrolled in ELARA conditional on baseline characteristics and prognostic factors available at the start of the LoT (i.e., the selected LoT was the one with the highest propensity score to be in ELARA). After selection of LoT, an adjusted ITC was performed to assess the effect of tisa-cel versus SOC by measuring CRR, ORR, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and time to next treatment (TTNT). A subgroup analysis of SOC patients with ≥1 eligible LoT initiated from 2014 on (coinciding with the introduction of the Lugano response criteria as well as regulatory approval of idelalisib) was performed for all endpoints. Results: Baseline characteristics for the tisa-cel and SOC cohorts are described in Table 1; after weighting, baseline variables, including number of previous lines of systemic therapy (median: 4 lines) were well balanced between the tisa-cel and SOC cohorts. Treatment regimens observed for ReCORD-FL patients at LoT selection were: anti-CD20 antibody plus alkylator (31.5% of patients), anti-CD20 antibody without alkylator (25.9%), alkylator without anti-CD20 antibody (17.5%), and regimens other than anti-CD20 antibody and alkylator (25.2%). After LoT selection and adjusting for differences in baseline variables, tisa-cel was associated with improvement over SOC in CRR (69.1% vs. 37.3%), ORR (85.6% vs. 63.6%), as well as PFS, TTNT and OS (Table 2, Figures 1-2), with a numerically higher 6-month PFS rate vs. SOC (85.3% vs. 66.5%), as well as higher 24-month OS rate (87.8% vs. 64.8%). Further, there was an estimated 80% reduction in death risk in favor of tisa-cel over SOC, a 40% reduction in risk of progression in favor of tisa-cel over SOC and a 69% reduction in risk of death or requiring a new anticancer therapy (Table 1). In the sub-analysis of SOC patients with lines of therapy initiated in or after 2014, the superiority of tisa-cel over SOC was confirmed in all the efficacy outcomes (CRR: 69.1% vs. 30.5%; ORR: 85.6% vs. 58.8%; hazard ratios substantially < 1 for OS, PFS, TTNT). Conclusion: The ITC results suggest that tisa-cel has superior efficacy over SOC in r/r FL for all evaluated endpoints. A key limitation of this study is that response assessment criteria and schedule was more heterogeneous in ReCORD-FL than in ELARA. However, the sub-analysis on SOC patients assessed with a LoT selected in 2014 or later (when more patients could have been assessed using the Lugano response criteria) showed similar favorability for tisa-cel over SOC in all the efficacy outcomes. Moreover, outcome parameters independent of response criteria, namely OS and TTNT, were also significantly better for tisa-cel vs. SOC. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Salles: Abbvie, Epizyme, Morphosys, Regeneron: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; Beigene, BMS/Celgene, Debiopharm, Genentech/Roche, Genmab, Incyte, Ipsen, anssen, Novartis. Kite/Gilead, Loxo, Miltneiy, Rapt, TAKEDA, Velosbio, Allogene: Consultancy. Schuster: Acerta Pharma/AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Alimera Sciences: Consultancy; BeiGene: Consultancy; Juno Theraputics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Loxo Oncology: Consultancy; Tessa Theraputics: Consultancy; Genentech/Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; TG Theraputics: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Nordic Nanovector: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Dreyling: BeiGene: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Genmab: Consultancy; Gilead/Kite: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Kuruvilla: AbbVie: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Antengene: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Incyte: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Merck: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Other: Data and Safety Monitoring Board; Novartis: Honoraria; Medison Ventures: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria; TG Therapeutics: Honoraria. Patten: ROCHE: Research Funding; GILEAD SCIENCES: Honoraria, Research Funding; ABBVIE: Honoraria; NOVARTIS: Honoraria; ASTRA ZENECA: Honoraria; JANSSEN: Honoraria. Von Tresckow: AbbVie: Other: Congress and travel support; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Other: Congress and travel support; BMS-Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Congress and travel support; Kite-Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; MSD: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Congress and travel support, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Congress and travel support, Research Funding; Pentixafarm: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Research Funding. Smith: Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease: Other: Study investigator; Celgene, Genetech, AbbVie: Consultancy. Davis: Novartis, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Eisai, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca: Research Funding. Anjos: Novartis: Current Employment. Chu: Novartis: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Zhang: Novartis: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Lobetti Bodoni: Spouse: Harlcok Healthcare: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Spouse: Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Spouse: Celgene: Honoraria; Spouse: Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Spouse: Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Spouse: Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Spouse: NHS: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Spouse: F. Hoffmann-La Roche: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Gilead: Other: Travel sponsorship in June 2019; Novartis: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Thieblemont: Kyte: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses ; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses ; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses , Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses ; Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses ; Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses ; Cellectis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses ; Hospira: Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses . Fowler: BostonGene, Corp: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Bristol Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, TG Therapeutics and Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Dickinson: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; MSD: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Honoraria; Celgene: Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Martinez-Lopez: Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Wang: Eli Lilly: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; InnoCare: Research Funding; LOXO Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; MorphoSys: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Link: Genentech/Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; MEI: Consultancy; Novartis, Jannsen: Research Funding.

Abstract Background: Novel therapies for multiply relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL) are often evaluated in single arm trials with no comparative data on patients receiving usual care. This study (ReCORD-FL) therefore sought to construct a historical control cohort to augment current and future single arm trials in relapsed/refractory (r/r) FL. The analytic aims were to document patient characteristics, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in a r/r FL population treated with standard therapies in routine practice. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study via medical record review in 10 oncology centers across North America and Europe. Adult patients were required to meet several criteria defining multiply r/r FL (i.e., r/r after ≥2 lines of therapy, or relapsed during or within 6 months after completion of anti-CD20 antibody maintenance, or relapsed after autologous HSCT). Patients were also required to have ≥1 line of systemic therapy (i.e., first qualifying salvage therapy) after first meeting the r/r FL criteria; the date of first qualifying salvage therapy defined the study index date. At index, patients were required to have grade 1-3A FL, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1, and no evidence of prior histological transformation. Outcomes were observed from the index date and from the start of each therapy line until the earliest of death, last follow-up, or December 31, 2020 (data cutoff). Endpoints were complete response (CR) rate, overall response rate (ORR), time to next treatment (TTNT), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). In a subgroup analysis, endpoints were examined by double refractoriness (r/r to both an anti-CD20 mAb and an alkylator) and POD24 status at index (best response of stable/progressive disease or relapsed within 24 months of front-line anti-CD20 mAb-containing therapy). Time to event outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 187 patients were identified for inclusion (Table 1). Most patients' (80.2%) first qualifying salvage (index) therapy occurred in third line (3L) (range: 3L - 6L). Anti-CD20 mAb plus chemotherapy (including alkylating and/or non-alkylating agents) was the most common index regimen (64.2% of patients); 8% received anti-CD20 mAb monotherapy, 11.2% received alkylator-based chemotherapy alone (i.e., an alkylator-containing regimen without anti-CD20 mAb), and 16.6% received other therapies (i.e., other regimens containing neither anti-CD20 mAb nor alkylator). Median follow-up from FL diagnosis was 9 years (range: 1 - 21 years), over which a median of 5 (range: 3 - 11) lines of therapy were observed per patient. CR rate and ORR to the index treatment were 39.0% and 70.6%, respectively (Table 2). Median (95% confidence interval [CI]) TTNT and PFS from index were 14.4 (11.8 - 18.6) and 14.6 (11.0 - 18.0) months, respectively; median OS from index was 128 months (10.6 years). Compared with non-double refractory, those with double refractory disease at index had numerically lower CR (34.3% vs. 45.1%) and ORR (67.6% vs. 74.4%) and substantially shorter median (95% CI) TTNT (11.8 [9.0 - 15.2] vs. 20.9 [14.4 - 26.2] months), PFS (10.7 [7.7 - 14.5] vs. 20.1 [14.4 - 25.4] months), and OS (78.1 [45.8 - 146.7] vs. [Not Reached] months). Outcomes were similarly less favorable for patients who were POD24 at index. All outcomes steadily worsened across successive treatment lines (Table 2, Figures 1a-c). ORR, for example, decreased from 69.5% in 3L (n = 187) to 45.8% in 5L (n = 96) and 41.2% in ≥8L (n = 51), while median (95% CI) PFS decreased from 11.8 (10.1 - 16.6) months in 3L to 9.4 (6.8 - 13.1) months in 5L and 4.4 (1.7 - 5.9) months in ≥8L; median (95% CI) OS had a similar trend: 133.7 (78.1 - 232.4), 46.3 (31.7 - 76.5), and 11.4 (5.9 - 21.2) months in 3L, 5L, and ≥8L, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings further demonstrate the poor outcomes and limited survival in FL patients with multiply r/r, double refractory, or POD24 disease. In assessing response rates and PFS, it is important to consider that response assessment criteria and schedules were more heterogenous in the routine practice settings of ReCORD-FL than in clinical trials. Based on comparability of results with another similar study (SCHOLAR-5), the robustness of data collected, and continued low likelihood of randomized trials in this area, ReCORD-FL provides valuable historical control data for new r/r FL therapies in development. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Salles: Beigene, BMS/Celgene, Debiopharm, Genentech/Roche, Genmab, Incyte, Ipsen, anssen, Novartis. Kite/Gilead, Loxo, Miltneiy, Rapt, TAKEDA, Velosbio, Allogene: Consultancy; Abbvie, Epizyme, Morphosys, Regeneron: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria. Schuster: Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Acerta Pharma/AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Alimera Sciences: Consultancy; BeiGene: Consultancy; Juno Theraputics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Loxo Oncology: Consultancy; Tessa Theraputics: Consultancy; Genentech/Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; TG Theraputics: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Nordic Nanovector: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Kuruvilla: Seattle Genetics: Honoraria; Merck: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Antengene: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Other: Data and Safety Monitoring Board; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Incyte: Honoraria; Medison Ventures: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria; TG Therapeutics: Honoraria. Patten: GILEAD SCIENCES: Honoraria, Research Funding; ROCHE: Research Funding; ASTRA ZENECA: Honoraria; NOVARTIS: Honoraria; JANSSEN: Honoraria; ABBVIE: Honoraria. von Tresckow: Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Research Funding; Pentixafarm: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Other: congress and travel support; BMS-Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: congress and travel support; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Other: congress and travel support; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Kite-Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; MSD: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: congress and travel support, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: congress and travel support, Research Funding. Smith: Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease: Other: Study investigator; Celgene, Genetech, AbbVie: Consultancy. Davis: Novartis, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Eisai, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca: Research Funding. Nagar: Novartis, AstraZeneca, Eisai: Research Funding. Zhang: Novartis: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Bollu: Novartis: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Jousseaume: Novartis: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Ramos: Novartis: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Wang: Eli Lilly: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MorphoSys: Research Funding; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; InnoCare: Research Funding; LOXO Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding. Link: Genentech/Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; MEI: Consultancy; Novartis, Jannsen: Research Funding.