Naumann, Dominik

Background Despite strenuous public health efforts, obesity rates continue to rise globally, and contribute importantly to increased cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Dietary habits play a key role in the development and progression of obesity, and are the target of choice in preventative and therapeutic programs. Although preclinical studies have shown that caffeine may exert anti‐adipogenic effects, in humans the implications of coffee consumption on risks of excess adiposity are unclear. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the association between habitual coffee consumption and indices of total and regional body fat in healthy adults. Methods Seventy‐eight subjects (46 males, mean age 27.3±6.1 years) who took part in research studies conducted at the Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular/Sleep Laboratory and underwent body composition assessment were selected. Absence of cardiovascular or metabolic diseases was ascertained by physical exam and review of medical charts. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference measures were collected for computation of body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR). Measurements of total body fat percentage, upper body fat (kg), and lower body fat (kg) were obtained from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was used to quantify subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT, cm 2 ) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT, cm 2 ). Habitual coffee consumption (cups/day; range 0–3) was self‐reported and coded as a binary variable (yes/no). Results Sixty percent of the subjects (n=47) reported habitual coffee consumption. Age and gender distribution were comparable between groups (P=0.52 and P=0.73, respectively). There was no significant difference between those who reported consuming coffee and those who did not in terms of BMI (23.6±2.7 kg/m 2 vs 24±2.8 kg/m 2 , P=0.56) and WHR (0.85±0.08 vs 0.85±0.07, P=0.7). Likewise, body composition and fat distribution indices were similar between groups: total body fat percentage (coffee drinkers vs non‐coffee drinkers: 30.5±7.2% vs 28.6±7.8%, P=0.27), upper body fat mass (6.6±2.4 kg vs 6.6±3.1 kg, P=0.99), lower body fat mass (9.4±5.2 kg vs 8.4±4.1 kg, P=0.39), SAT (143.4±61.3 cm 2 vs 135.9±63.7 cm 2 , P=0.6), and VAT (57.7±35.5 cm 2 vs 70.3±44 cm 2 , P=0.22). Analysis stratified by gender did not reveal any differential effect of regular coffee consumption on body fat (all Ps>0.26). Conclusion In healthy, young individuals moderate habitual coffee consumption is not associated with measures of total or regional adiposity. Whether the anti‐obesity effects of caffeine emerge only when it is consumed in larger quantities remains to be determined. Support or Funding Information Research support: NC is supported by American Heart Association grant 16SDG27250156 and Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science grant Marie Ingalls Cardiovascular Research Career Development Fund. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .

Background Osteoporosis, a condition associated with decreased bone density, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Importantly, the incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis is rising partly due to increases in the aging population. Moreover, while the role of obesity on bone health is controversial, studies suggest that obesity alters bone density. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is more prevalent in ageing and obesity, on any relationship between obesity and BMD are not well known. Objective To examine the effects of BMI and OSA on total and regional bone density. Methods A database of all research participants with nocturnal polysomnography and whole body dual energy X‐Ray absorptiometry scan (DEXA) was created. The study population included 72 subjects without OSA (AHI<5, Age: 29.1 ± 7.3 years, BMI: 24.3 ± 3.6 Kg/m 2 ) and 22 subjects with OSA (apnea hypopnea index, AHI>5; 4 females, Age: 43.3 ± 11.2 years, BMI: 30.8 ± 4.1 Kg/m 2 ). We examined the relationship between BMI and BMD in all our subjects. Linear regression models adjusted for age and BMI were used to assess changes in bone density in the presence of OSA. Additional analyses examining the effects of OSA in overweight and obese individuals (BMI>25 kg/m 2 ) and relationship between BMI and BMD in OSA subjects were also undertaken. Results Total body bone density in all our study subjects was positively correlated with BMI (Std Beta = 0.42, 95% CI 0.004 – 0.015, p < 0.001) but not age (Std Beta = 0.04, 95% CI −0.002 −0.003, p = 0.71) or presence of OSA (Std Beta = 0.042, −0.029 − 0.040, p = 0.75). Similarly, bone density in spine was increased with increases in BMI (Std Beta = 0.45, 95% CI 0.006 − 0.019, p = 0.0003) and not affected by age (Std Beta = 0.14, 95% CI −0.001 – 0.005, p = 0.23) or presence of OSA (Std Beta = 0.18, 95% CI −0.011 – 0.065, p = 0.16). Also, increases in BMD in pelvic region were only associated with BMI (Std Beta = 0.30, 0.001 – 0.019, p = 0.024). Age (Std Beta = −0.09, −0.005 – 0.002, p = 0.45) or presence of OSA (Std Beta = 0.19, −0.016 – 0.086, p = 0.17) did not alter BMD in pelvic area. Interestingly, overweight and obese subjects with OSA had a lower pelvic BMD compared to overweight and obese subjects without OSA (1.10 ± 0.12 g/cm 3 Vs. 1.19 ± 0.16 g/cm 3 , p = 0.043), even when OSA subjects had a higher BMI (31.4± 3.7 kg/m 2 Vs. 27.8± 3.2 Kg/m 2 , p = 0.001) and were older (43.4 ± 11.3 years Vs 30.6 ± 8.8 years, p<0.001). Also, the positive relationship between BMI and BMD was not present in OSA subjects in our study population (Total BMD: p = 0.73; Spine BMD: p = 0.94; Pelvic BMD: p=0.77). Conclusion A positive association between bone density and BMI was observed in our study population. However, this relationship was not evident in OSA subjects. Further, our study suggests that OSA may be accompanied by decreased bone density in the pelvic region. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies examining the effects of OSA on regional bone density, fractures, and frailty in BMI, age and gender matched populations are warranted. Support or Funding Information VKS and PS are supported by NIH grant HL65176 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .