Paul, Manash K.

Abstract Recent times have witnessed an upsurge in the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Prion disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The treatment of the same remains a daunting challenge due to the limited access of therapeutic moieties across the blood–brain barrier. Engineered nanoparticles with a size less than 100 nm provide multifunctional abilities for solving these biomedical and pharmacological issues due to their unique physico‐chemical properties along with capability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Needless to mention, there is a scarcity of review articles summarizing recent developments of various nanomaterials including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and bio‐nanoparticles toward the therapeutic and theranostics applications for various neurodegenerative disorders. Here, a broad spectrum of nanomedicinal approaches to eradicate neurodegenerative disorders is provided, along with a brief account of neuroprotection and neuronal tissue regeneration, current clinical status, issues related to safety, toxicity, challenges, and future outlook.

Angiogenesis is a process of generation of de-novo blood vessels from already existing vasculature. It has a crucial role in different physiological process including wound healing, embryonic development, and tumor growth. The methods by which therapeutic drugs inhibit tumor angiogenesis are termed as anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy. Developments of angiogenic inhibiting drugs have various limitations causing a barrier for successful treatment of cancer, where angiogenesis plays an important role. In this context, investigators developed novel strategies using nanotechnological approaches that have demonstrated inherent antiangiogenic properties or used for the delivery of antiangiogenic agents in a targeted manner. In this present article, we decisively highlight the recent developments of various nanoparticles (NPs) including liposomes, lipid NPs, protein NPs, polymer NPs, inorganic NPs, viral and bio-inspired NPs for potential application in antiangiogenic cancer therapy. Additionally, the clinical perspectives, challenges of nanomedicine, and future perspectives are briefly analyzed.