Camsari, Deniz Doruk

Background Although clinically framed as a public health concern, the meanings of suicide are fundamentally shaped by cultural narratives and visual representations. Aims To examine the evolution of sculptural representations of suicide from antiquity to the present, and to interpret these works through psychiatric and sociological lenses relevant to contemporary clinical and public health discourse. Method A structured search across PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (up to August 2025) was integrated with museum archives and art-historical catalogues. Selected sculptural works were analysed as interpretive case studies using iconographic, semiotic and contextual approaches. Interpretation focused on affective and relational processes such as psychological pain (psychache), shame, entrapment and social disconnection prioritising cultural formulation over retrospective diagnostic attribution in historical cases. Results Sculptural representations frame suicide through shifting moral and social logics: from honour-bound self-death in antiquity and virtue-coded narratives in the early-modern period to interiority and estrangement in modernity. Contemporary public installations shift this focus towards visibility, urban space and prevention. These works externalise private suffering and structural conditions (e.g. isolation, stigma), actively shaping collective imaginaries of self-destruction. Conclusions Sculpture provides a unique medium for the translation of individual suffering and the collective meanings of suicide into public form. An interdisciplinary reading of these works supports culturally informed clinical reflection and contributes to ethically attentive public communication and prevention strategies.

Background/Objectives: Speech and motor control share overlapping neural mechanisms, yet their quantitative relationships in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain underexplored. This study investigated bidirectional associations between acoustic voice features and objective motor metrics to better understand how vocal and motor systems relate in PD. Methods: Cross-sectional baseline data from participants in a randomized neuromodulation trial were analyzed (n = 13). Motor performance was captured using an Integrated Motion Analysis Suite (IMAS), which enabled quantitative, objective characterization of motor performance during balance, gait, and upper- and lower-limb tasks. Acoustic analyses included harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS), jitter, shimmer, median fundamental frequency (F0), F0 standard deviation (SD F0), and voice intensity. Univariate linear regressions were conducted in both directions (voice ↔ motor), as well as partial correlations controlling for PD motor symptom severity. Results: When modeling voice outcomes, faster motor performance and shorter movement durations were associated with acoustically clearer voice features (e.g., higher elbow flexion-extension peak speed with higher voice HNR, β = 8.5, R2 = 0.56, p = 0.01). Similarly, when modeling motor outcomes, clearer voice measures were linked with faster movement speed and shorter movement durations (e.g., higher voice HNR with higher peak movement speed in elbow flexion/extension, β = 0.07, R2 = 0.56, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Voice and motor measures in PD showed significant bidirectional associations, suggesting shared sensorimotor control. These exploratory findings, while limited by sample size, support the feasibility of integrated multimodal assessment for future longitudinal studies.

Background: This study aimed to explore the potential associations between voice metrics of patients with PD and their motor symptoms. Methods: Motor and vocal data including the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III), Harmonic–Noise Ratio (HNR), jitter, shimmer, and smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) were analyzed through exploratory correlations followed by univariate linear regression analyses. We employed these four voice metrics as independent variables and the total and sub-scores of the UPDRS-III as dependent variables. Results: Thirteen subjects were included, 76% males and 24% females, with a mean age of 62.9 ± 10.1 years, and a median Hoehn and Yahr stage of 2.3 ± 0.7. The regression analysis showed that CPPS is associated with posture (UPDRS-III posture scores: β = −0.196; F = 10.0; p = 0.01; R2 = 0.50) and UPDRS-III postural stability scores (β = −0.130; F = 5.57; p = 0.04; R2 = 0.35). Additionally, the associations between CPPS and rapid alternating movement (β = −0.297; p = 0.07), rigidity (β= −0.36; p = 0.11), and body bradykinesia (β = −0.16; p = 0.13) showed a trend towards significance. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential role of CPPS as a predictor of postural impairments secondary to PD, emphasizing the need for further investigation.

Abstract Background Implicit cognitive markers may assist with the prediction of suicidality beyond clinical risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate neural correlates associated with the Death/Suicide Implicit Association Test (DS-IAT) via event-related potentials (ERP) in suicidal adolescents. Methods Thirty inpatient adolescents with suicidal ideations and behaviors (SIBS) and 30 healthy controls from the community were recruited. All participants underwent 64-channel electroencephalography, DS-IAT, and clinical assessments. Hierarchical generalized linear models with spatiotemporal clustering were used to identify significant ERPs associated with the behavioral outcome of DS-IAT (D scores) and group differences. Results Behavioral results (D scores) showed that the adolescents with SIBS had stronger implicit associations between “death” and “self” than the healthy group (P = .02). Within adolescents with SIBS, participants with stronger implicit associations between “death” and “self” reported more difficulty in controllability of suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks based on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (P = .03). For the ERP data, the D scores and N100 component over the left parieto-occipital cortex had significant correlations. Significant group differences without behavioral correlation were observed for a second N100 cluster (P = .01), P200 (P = .02), and late positive potential (5 clusters, all P ≤ .02). Exploratory predictive models combining both neurophysiological and clinical measures distinguished adolescents with SIBS from healthy adolescents. Conclusions Our results suggest that N100 may be a marker of attentional resources involved in the distinction of stimuli that are congruent or incongruent to associations between death and self. Combined clinical and ERP measures may have utility in future refinements of assessment and treatment approaches for adolescents with suicidality.

Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that the brain predicts sensory input based on past experiences, importantly constraining how we experience the world. Despite a growing interest on this framework, known as predictive coding, most of such approaches to multiple psychological domains continue to be theoretical or primarily provide correlational evidence. We here explored the neural basis of predictive processing using noninvasive brain stimulation and provide causal evidence of frequency-specific modulations in humans. Participants received 20 Hz (associated with top-down/predictions), 50 Hz (associated with bottom-up/prediction errors), or sham transcranial alternating current stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while performing a social perception task in which facial expression predictions were induced and subsequently confirmed or violated. Left prefrontal 20 Hz stimulation reinforced stereotypical predictions. In contrast, 50 Hz and sham stimulation failed to yield any significant behavioral effects. Moreover, the frequency-specific effect observed was further supported by electroencephalography data, which showed a boost of brain activity at the stimulated frequency band. These observations provide causal evidence for how predictive processing may be enabled in the human brain, setting up a needed framework to understand how it may be disrupted across brain-related conditions and potentially restored through noninvasive methods.

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was to examine baseline transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of cortical inhibition and excitability in depressed patients and characterize their longitudinal posttreatment changes.MethodsFifteen adolescents (age 13–17 years) with moderate to severe major depressive disorder and 22 healthy controls (age 9–17) underwent single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and clinical assessments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation measures included short-interval intracortical inhibition (2 and 4 milliseconds), long-interval intracortical inhibition (100, 150, and 200 milliseconds), cortical silent period, and intracortical facilitation (10, 15, and 20 milliseconds). Ten participants with major depressive disorder initiated antidepressant treatment or had dose adjustments. These participants were reassessed after treatment. Depression symptom severity was measured with the Children’s Depression Rating Scale, Revised. Robust regression modeling compared healthy and depressed adolescents at baseline. Relationships between changes in cortical inhibition and changes in depressive symptom severity were assessed in the depressed adolescents receiving antidepressant treatment.ResultsOur results revealed that at baseline, short-interval intracortical inhibition-2 was significantly reduced (Padj = .01) in depressed participants, suggesting impaired cortical inhibition compared with healthy controls. At follow-up, improvement in Children’s Depression Rating Scale, Revised scores correlated with improvement in short-interval intracortical inhibition-4 amplitude (greater inhibition) after antidepressant treatment (R2 = 0.63; P = .01).ConclusionsThese results suggest that cortical inhibition measures may have promise as biomarkers in adolescents treated for depression.