Citations

ABSTRACT Hospital‐at‐Home (HaH) programs provide acute care in patients' homes, reducing hospitalization and improving patient experience. While crucial in traditional settings, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in HaH programs remains understudied. This manuscript explores the potential benefits of AMS in HaH and the role of infectious diseases (ID) pharmacists in optimizing antimicrobial therapy. Key challenges in implementing AMS in HaH include medication delivery logistics, treatment regimen adjustments, and unique administration techniques. ID pharmacists can address these challenges by providing expertise in antimicrobial selection, dosing, and duration, as well as identifying opportunities for de‐escalation and intravenous (IV) to oral conversions. By integrating AMS into HaH programs, health care systems can improve patient outcomes, reduce antimicrobial resistance, and optimize resource utilization. Further research and training programs are needed to fully realize the potential of AMS in this emerging model of care.

Abstract Purpose Hospital at home (HaH) program development, spurred by hospital congestion during the COVID-19 pandemic, is moving from a novel idea to a standard of inpatient practice. Understanding pharmacy’s clinical role in the HaH patient care team is exceedingly important as programs across the country continue to develop, implement, and expand. The purpose of this study is to describe how clinical pharmacy services are currently provided for home hospital patients and to explain the vital role of pharmacists within the HaH care team. Description A descriptive study was designed to evaluate pharmacy services provided for home hospital patients from January 1, 2023, to February 28, 2023. Prior to the study period, a focused group of pharmacists routinely active in HaH patient care met to define a standard process for documenting pharmacy services using an electronic documentation system (i-Vent) within the EHR. During the study period, a total of 221 patients were admitted to home hospital at either site representing 3,258 inpatient medication orders with 2,997 medication administrations. Pharmacists signed 903 progress notes and documented 561 interventions across all types. The top 3 pharmacy intervention types were drug administration change (37%), medication reconciliation (29%), and antimicrobial stewardship (15%). Each of the top 3 types were further evaluated by subtype. Conclusion Documented pharmacy services encompassed a variety of intervention types. The overwhelming majority of patients admitted to the program received pharmacy consultative services, demonstrating how pivotal pharmacists are to the operational success of these programs and clinical care of HaH patients. More research is needed to expose pharmacy potential and facilitate growth for pharmacists practicing in HaH programs.

Intravenous push (IVP) antimicrobial administration refers to rapid bolus infusion of medication. This drug delivery method offers improved patient convenience, superior patient and nursing satisfaction, and cost savings when used in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). Antimicrobial agents must demonstrate optimal physiochemical and pharmacologic characteristics, as well as sufficient syringe stability, to be administered in this manner. Additionally, impacts on medication tolerability, patient safety, and effectiveness must be considered. This narrative review summarizes the available data and practical implications of IVP administration of antimicrobials in the OPAT setting.