Citations

AbstractObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) often coexists with cerebrovascular diseases. However, the impact of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke on AD pathology remains poorly understood.MethodsThis study examines the correlation between cerebrovascular diseases and AD pathology. The research was carried out using clinical and neuropathological data collected from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database and an animal model in which bilateral common carotid artery stenosis surgery was performed, following the injection of tau seeds into the brains of wild‐type mice.ResultsAnalysis of the NACC database suggests that clinical stroke history and lacunar infarcts are associated with lower neurofibrillary tangle pathology. An animal model demonstrates that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion reduces tau pathology, which was observed in not only neurons but also astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we found that astrocytes and microglia were activated in response to tau pathology and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Additionally, cerebral hypoperfusion increased a lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D.InterpretationThese data together indicate that cerebral hypoperfusion reduces tau accumulation likely through an increase in microglial phagocytic activity towards tau and an elevation in degradation through cathepsin D. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between tau pathology and cerebrovascular diseases in older people with multimorbidity.

AbstractObesity causes multiple conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and so on, and an intervention is needed for controlling weight and improving metabolic syndrome. However, the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy are restrictive for losing weight. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) was developed as a new therapy, picking the best of both medication and surgery, less invasive and more effective. Recently, ESG is gradually spreading in Western countries, but there is Case report doesn't need conclusion/result for Japanese patients. We herein reported the first clinical case of ESG in Japan.Given the situation of the pandemic of COVID‐19, we could not invite a proctor from Western countries and receive the instruction of the device setting and maneuver face to face. Thus, we conducted the training for device setting, maneuver, and operation under a web‐based international remote collaboration. Eventually, we completed ESG without an adverse event. We could prove this web‐based proctor system was useful through the introduction of ESG in Japan. The international remote collaboration could become a new normal even in the endoscopy field post‐COVID‐19 era.