Citations

Abstract Liver metastases from well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are rare. We report 3 patients, 1 with follicular and 2 with oncocytic thyroid cancers, treated for liver metastases with yttrium-90 radioembolization. The 2 patients with oligometastatic disease received ablative radiation doses, while 1 patient with diffuse metastatic liver disease was treated palliatively with 2 sessions of reduced nonablative radiation dose due to a large hepatopulmonary shunt fraction diagnosed at work-up. The 2 cases of oligometastatic disease had a complete local response by imaging criteria, while the third case had a pronounced local partial response, without adverse events. Future guidelines should include radioembolization as a viable option for locoregional therapy of liver metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer not responsive to radioiodine in patients that do not qualify for or refuse hepatic surgery.

Abstract Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by a single parathyroid adenoma. Multiple and ectopic adenomas are less common and can present diagnostic challenges. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman with hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Sestamibi scan did not demonstrate abnormal uptake; however, contrast-enhanced 4-dimensional computed tomography imaging reported 2 candidate lesions described as tubular shaped structures located posterior to the inferior pole of each thyroid lobe. Surgical exploration was performed and the surgical pathology reported hypercellular parathyroid tissue resected from the left inferior thyroid bed and benign thymic tissue with embedded hypercellular parathyroid tissue resected from the right inferior thyroid bed. Postoperative calcium levels normalized, and the patient remained eucalcemic at 1-year follow-up. This case underscores the importance of embryologic understanding and thorough surgical exploration in patients with biochemically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism and inconclusive imaging.

Abstract Amiodarone is known to cause thyroid dysfunction, due to both direct cytotoxicity and high iodine content. Due to its lipophilic properties, amiodarone gets stored in the adipose tissue and may induce delayed amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT), months after discontinuation. We present the case of a 60-year-old man admitted with new-onset atrial fibrillation. He had a history of ventricular tachycardia, treated with amiodarone that was discontinued 14 months earlier. On admission, thyrotropin was undetectable, with markedly elevated free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine. He had no previous history of thyroid dysfunction or recent exposure to iodinated contrast. Additional history revealed that the patient had been taking tirzepatide 10 mg weekly resulting in a 54-kg weight loss over the previous 12 months. With this information, a spot urine iodine/creatinine (Cr) was measured and found to be significantly increased at 2323 µg/g Cr (SI: 2075 µmol/mol Cr) (normal reference range <584 µg/g Cr, [SI: <521 µmol/mol Cr]). He was treated with prednisone and methimazole with eventual resolution of hyperthyroidism. Delayed AIT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new-onset thyrotoxicosis in patients previously treated with amiodarone who experience significant weight loss.

ABSTRACTObjectivesThyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) associated carcinoma is rare, accounting for less than 2% of TGDC cases. The majority of cases are classified as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Standard treatment for TGDC‐PTC involves a Sistrunk procedure and prophylactic total thyroidectomy (TT). However, the necessity of these extensive surgical interventions remains debated. This report aims to explore whether individualized surgical approaches may reduce morbidity while maintaining favorable oncological outcomes.MethodsRetrospective case series of three patients with TGDC‐PTC.ResultsThe age range at presentation for our patients with TGDC‐PTC was 26 to 50. Case 1 involved a 38‐year‐old patient with a cystic mass near the hyoid bone and submental lymphadenopathy who underwent cyst excision with level Ia lymph node clearance. Case 2 is of a 50‐year‐old patient with a history of TGDC‐PTC who presented with a recurrent neck mass 9 years after the initial surgery and underwent a revision Sistrunk procedure. Case 3 presents a 26‐year‐old patient with a large TGDC and a benign thyroid nodule who underwent a Sistrunk procedure. All three patients had PTC confirmed by final pathology. All had no evidence of recurrent disease at follow‐up evaluations ranging from 1 to 12 years.ConclusionThis case series demonstrates the feasibility and safety of individualized surgical management for TGDC‐PTC. Risk stratification allowed for tailored interventions and avoided overly aggressive approaches. Further studies are needed to establish definitive guidelines for managing TGDC‐PTC, particularly in low‐risk patients.Level of Evidence4.

Background/Objectives: Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) causes sensorineural hearing loss that classically presents as fluctuating, asymmetric loss of hearing. Associated vestibular and other ear symptoms can be present in many patients. First-line treatment of AIED is high-dose corticosteroids. AIED can present either as a primary condition limited to ear involvement or secondary, as part of an underlying systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease, the most common of which include vasculitis and relapsing polychondritis. We described our cohort of primary AIED, including demographics, treatment, and outcomes. We excluded from this review sensorineural hearing loss in the context of vasculitis and relapsing polychondritis. Methods: We performed a chart review of patients with the diagnosis of AIED at Mayo Clinic and compared the cohort by sex. Results: Thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 48.5 years, and 17 were men. Patients were initially evaluated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology or Internal Medicine, and 29 patients were subsequently referred to the Department of Rheumatology, with a mean of 12.2 weeks after the first evaluation. Treatment with corticosteroids showed improvement in hearing and vestibular symptoms during the first month but no further improvement by the end of the third month. Other immunosuppressive medications were used with various degrees of response. Methotrexate was the second most used therapy, with 11 of 17 patients reporting an improvement in symptoms. Conclusions: Corticosteroid therapy is an effective initial treatment for AIED and should be followed with corticosteroid-sparing agents to prevent further damage to the cochlea.

Abstract Disclosure: P.L. castellanos: None. A.M. Chindris: None. S. Rao: None. J. Janus: None. R. Paz-Fumagalli: None. V.J. Bernet: None. Introduction: Limited information exists regarding the relationship between outcomes and decision-making based on results from Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (USG-FNA) of cervical nodes/nodules suspicious for thyroid cancer metastases. Management options for positive findings include surgery, percutaneous ethanol ablation, radioactive iodine therapy, external beam radiation systemic therapy, or observation. This retrospective review is aimed at describing the management and associated outcomes of a cohort of thyroid cancer patients who underwent USG FNA for cervically metastases. Methods: Following our Clinic IRB review and approval, we performed a chart review and identified 163 patients with thyroid cancer patients who had undergone USG FNA of apparent cervical metastases at the Florida campus between 2012 and 2018. Cytology results and corresponding tumor marker washout from each sampled focus were recorded. The records review included recording anatomical and biochemical outcomes related to management decisions based on USG FNA results. Appropriate statistical plots were used to help visualize the data pattern. ResultsThe median age was 59 years 69.9% were female and 91.3% were Caucasian. Initial presentation typically consisted of the appearance of a neck nodule and thyroidectomy was the first line of therapy in 155 of 163 cases. Imaging post-thyroidectomy demonstrated evidence of cervical lymphadenopathy in 75.5% of cases with localization in the lateral neck in 65.2% and central in 19.2% respectively. Regarding USG-FNA outcomes, 46.2% yielded malignancy while 26% were benign. The most prevalent cytology was papillary thyroid cancer detected in 87.1%.Thyroglobulin washout was performed on all patients with a history of papillary variant thyroid carcinoma, with positive results reported in 8.3%. Ethanol ablation was the most used treatment for lymph node recurrence followed by neck surgery in 56.2%. During the follow-up, 14% of the patients who were TGAB+ remained so.Outcome trends were as follows: The combined anatomical and biochemical negative was 82.3%, while the combined anatomical and biochemical positive was 2.5%. The combined anatomical negative and biochemical positive was 7.6%, alongside the combined anatomical positive and biochemical negative was 7.6%. Conclusion: Of 163 thyroid cancer cases with cervical lymphadenopathy, 46% had cytology-proven presence of malignancy. These patients underwent either observation, PEA, or surgery.At follow up the majority of the patients were without anatomical and biochemical evidence of disease while about 7-8% were positive by one of the parameters and much fewer were positive for disease by both parameters. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Key Clinical Message Treatment with corticosteroids can lead to iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome when used for longer intervals and in high doses. Less common administration routes may conceal the exposure, raising the possibility of misdiagnosis and mismanagement.