Citations

AbstractMucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare chronic immunobullous disease that involves the mucous membranes and may result in significant scarring and complications if diagnosis is delayed. MMP typically occurs in elderly patients, with very few cases reported in children. Here, we present a 12‐year‐old female patient with childhood‐onset oral and genital MMP, clinically suspected to be lichen sclerosus, but eventually diagnosed as MMP after multiple supportive biopsies and confirmatory direct immunofluorescence. Although treatment was challenging, the combined use of systemic corticosteroids, dapsone, and mycophenolate mofetil was ultimately successful in achieving disease control.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening complication rarely encountered with the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Obesity is an additional thrombosis risk factor that has been shown to further increase the risk of VTE with the use of COCs. We present 5 cases of obese adolescents (body mass index >30 kg/m2) who encountered thrombosis complications while on COCs. Although the absolute risk of VTE events in the setting of COCs is rare, caution should be observed when choosing hormonal therapy and safer COCs alternatives discussed with adolescents who are obese.

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveAutoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare autoimmune hypersensitivity reaction that occurs cyclically at the peak of endogenous progesterone production during the menstrual cycle in women. No study characterizing APD in the adolescent population is found; it appears likely to be underdiagnosed and undertreated.MethodsA retrospective, single‐center, review of all adolescent and pediatric patients (<20 years old at onset) with documented diagnosis of APD.ResultsSeventeen adolescent APD patients were included (mean age at diagnosis: 14.4 ± 2 years, mean interval of 13.6 ± 11.1 months between symptom onset and diagnosis). Twelve patients presented with urticaria, two with fixed drug eruption. Erythema multiforme, eczema, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis were present in one patient each. Exposure to exogenous progestin was present in two patients prior to disease onset. Progesterone skin test was performed in six patients with positive results in two. Fourteen patients received antihistamines and/or a topical corticosteroid. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) were given to eleven patients, in seven via continuous daily dosing. Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) was used in five, progesterone desensitization in four, omalizumab in two, and danazol in one patient.ConclusionsAdolescent APD is associated with a significant delay in diagnosis. The most common manifestation is urticaria. Exogenous exposure to progestins is uncommon in adolescent APD. Continuous COC, GnRHa, and progesterone desensitization have been used to control symptoms. Large, multicenter studies are required to better define, diagnose, and treat this under recognized condition among adolescent patients.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening complication rarely encountered with the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Obesity is an additional thrombosis risk factor that has been shown to further increase the risk of VTE with the use of COCs. We present five cases of obese adolescents (BMI >30 kg/m2) who encountered thrombosis complications while on COCs. Although the absolute risk of VTE events in the setting of COCs is rare, caution should be observed when choosing hormonal therapy and safer COCs alternatives discussed with adolescents who are obese.

Abstract Purpose We aim to evaluate the association of PCOS with eating, sleeping and sexual function disorders. Methods A comprehensive search including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus through 01 August 2018 was conducted for studies reporting the prevalence of any eating, sleep or sexual function disorders in patients with PCOS. Independent reviewers selected studies and extracted data. A random‐effects model was utilized to generate pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary outcomes, and mean difference (MD) and 95% CI for continuous outcomes. Results We included 36 studies reporting on 349,529 patients. Compared to women without PCOS, women with PCOS were more likely to have bulimia nervosa (OR 1.37; %CI, 1.17 to 1.60), binge eating (OR 2.95; 95%CI, 1.61 to 5.42), or any eating disorder (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.24); but not anorexia nervosa (OR 0.92; 95%CI, 0.78 to 1.10). Women with PCOS were more likely to have sleep disorders like hypersomnia (OR 4.39; %CI, 1.07 to 18.07) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OR 10.81; %CI, 2.39 to 48.83). Women with PCOS had lower sexual satisfaction as measured on a visual analogue scale (MD −29.67; 95% CI, −36.97 to −22.37), but no difference in Total Female Sexual Function Index (MD −0.06; 95% CI, −0.51 to 0.38). Conclusion PCOS can be associated with an increased risk of eating and sleeping disorders as well as decreased sexual satisfaction. Screening for these disorders in women with PCOS may allow early intervention and improve quality of life.