Citations

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGF-I) are frequently used for cancer treatment. VEGF-I can cause proteinuria and acute kidney injury (AKI) with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) as a commonly described pathology, but other glomerular pathologies are not well characterized. We aim to describe the clinical characteristics and glomerular lesions associated with VEFG-I in a single center cohort. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients treated with VEGF-I and underwent kidney biopsies from 2010 to 2022 at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Biopsy findings were reviewed by our pathologists. Data on patients’ characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes were abstracted. Descriptive statistics were used to report relevant patient characteristics and findings. Results: From 2010 to 2022, 19 kidney biopsies were performed for kidney dysfunction in patients on VEGF-I. Eleven had complete data, with a median age of 62 years (interquartile range 58–66 years); renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was the most common cancer (4 of 11 patients). TMA was noted in 8 of the 11 biopsies, with proteinuria as the most frequent indication for biopsy in these cases. Three patients had findings other than TMA. One developed anti-phospholipase A2 receptor negative membranous nephropathy; VEGF-I and pembrolizumab were discontinued, and prednisone improved proteinuria. Another patient had known cryoglobulinemia with nephrotic range proteinuria which was exacerbated by VEGF-I peaking at 11 g/day. Despite stopping VEGF-I and treating with prednisone and rituximab, kidney dysfunction progressed to end stage kidney disease (ESKD). A third patient had IgA nephropathy with concurrent diabetic changes, but proteinuria progressed even after stopping VEGF-I. Conclusion: In this case-series of patients treated with VEGF-I undergoing kidney biopsy, we describe the pathological characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of patients with pathologies other than TMA. Our study adds information to the sparse literature on patients with renal dysfunction after receiving VEGF-I.

ABSTRACT Background and Hypothesis Teclistamab, a novel bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting CD3 and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy are promising options for treating relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). However, the rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with teclistamab remain inadequately characterized. This study aims to compare the incidence, severity, and outcomes of AKI between patients receiving teclistamab and CAR-T therapy. Methods This was a retrospective study involving 64 patients with relapsed/refractory MM treated with either teclistamab or CAR-T therapy. All patients had previously received at least four lines of chemotherapy before being treated with either teclistamab or CAR-T. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI, and secondary outcomes included AKI severity, kidney recovery rates, and mortality. Kaplan–Meier estimates for AKI-free survival were calculated, and hazard ratios (HRs) for AKI risk were determined using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Sixty-four patients met inclusion criteria for this study (30 received CAR-T and 34 received teclistamab therapy). Among these patients, 14 AKI events occurred in total (22%), with 10 events (29%) in the teclistamab group and four events (13%) in the CAR-T group. AKI-free survival estimates at 180 days after treatment initiation were 68% [95% confidence interval (CI): 53%–87%] for teclistamab patients and 90% (95% CI: 79%–100%) for CAR-T patients. While patients receiving teclistamab were found to have an increased risk of an AKI event compared to those receiving CAR-T therapy, the results were not statistically significant [HR (95% CI): 3.38 (0.93–12.31), P = .065]. Conclusions This study suggests that patients treated with teclistamab may experience a higher incidence of AKI compared to those receiving CAR-T therapy. However, further research is required to determine whether this increased risk is attributable to disease progression or teclistamab itself. These results highlight the need for close kidney function monitoring in patients receiving teclistamab.

7542 Background: Teclistamab, a novel bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting CD3 and BCMA, exhibits promising effects for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM). However, rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with this therapy remains inadequately characterized. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with relapsed refractory MM who received teclistamab or Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy (CAR-T) therapy at Mayo Clinic between 12/1/2022-5/15/2023 and who were not in kidney failure at the time of treatment. The primary endpoint was incidence of AKI during follow-up; secondary endpoints included treatment and recovery from AKI. AKI was defined based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria as an increase of serum creatinine levels > 1.5 times their baseline value after starting therapy. Cumulative incidences and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate time to event data. Results: A total of 64 patients met inclusion criteria for the study (30 received CAR-T and 34 received teclistamab therapy). There were 14 AKI events occurring during follow-up (10 teclistamab [n = 6 stage 1, n = 3 stage 2 and n = 1 stage 3] and 4 CAR-T [n = 3 stage 1 and n = 1 stage 2]). Cumulative incidence estimates of AKI at 120 days after treatment were 32% (95% CI: 14%-47%) for teclistamab patients and 10% (95% CI: 0%-21%) for CAR-T patients. While patients receiving teclistamab were found to be at increased risk of an incident AKI event compared to patients receiving CAR-T therapy, results were not statistically significant (HR (95% CI): 3.38 (0.93-12.31), p = 0.065). Median time to development of AKI was 30 days (IQR 16, 73) in teclistamab and 59 days (IQR 9, 146) in CAR-T patients. Among the 10 patients in the teclistamab group with an AKI event, 4 (40%) had complete renal recovery and 4 (40%) had partial recovery, while among the 4 patients with CAR-T with an AKI event, 2 (50%) experienced complete renal recovery and 2 (50%) experienced partial recovery. Conclusions: Our study showed that almost one third of patients receiving teclistamab therapy for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma experienced an incident AKI event during follow-up. This finding underscores the importance of monitoring for kidney function in these patients.

OBJECTIVES: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess prevalence and timing of acute kidney injury (AKI) development after acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its association with mortality. DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE(R), Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid PsycINFO database, Scopus, and Web of Science thought April 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Titles and abstracts were screened independently and in duplicate to identify eligible studies. Randomized controlled trials and prospective or retrospective cohort studies reporting the development of AKI following ARDS were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data using a pre piloted abstraction form. We used Review Manager 5.4 software (Cochrane Library, Oxford, United Kingdom) and Open Meta software (Brown University, Providence, RI) for statistical analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS: Among the 3646 studies identified and screened, 17 studies comprising 9359 ARDS patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. AKI developed in 3287 patients (40%) after the diagnosis of ARDS. The incidence of AKI at least 48 hours after ARDS diagnosis was 20% (95% CI, 0.18–0.21%). The pooled risk ratio (RR) for the hospital (or 30-d) mortality among ARDS patients who developed AKI was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.71–2.18). AKI development after ARDS was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in ARDS patients, with a pooled odds ratio from multivariable analysis of 3.69 (95% CI, 2.24–6.09). Furthermore, two studies comparing mortality between patients with late vs. early AKI initiation after ARDS revealed higher mortality in late AKI patients with RR of 1.46 (95% CI, 1.19–1.8). However, the certainty of evidence for most outcomes was low to very low. CONCLUSIONS: While our findings highlight a significant association between ARDS and subsequent development of AKI, the low to very low certainty of evidence underscores the need for cautious interpretation. This systematic review identified a significant knowledge gap, necessitating further research to establish a more definitive understanding of this relationship and its clinical implications.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) survivors have a dynamic posthospital course which warrants close monitoring. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) could be used to improve quality and efficiency of AKI survivor care. Objective: The objective of this report was to describe the development and preliminary feasibility of an AKI RPM program launched in October 2021. Setting: Academic medical center. Patients: Patients enrolled in the AKI RPM program were those who experienced AKI during a hospitalization and underwent nephrology consultation. Measurements/Methods: At enrollment, patients were provided with home monitoring technology and underwent weekly laboratory assessments. Nurses evaluated the data daily and adhered to prespecified protocols for management and escalation of care if needed. Results: Twenty patients were enrolled in AKI RPM in the first 5 months. Median duration of program participation was 36 (31, 40) days. Eight patients (40%) experienced an unplanned readmission, or an emergency department visit, half (N = 4) of which were attributed to AKI and related circumstances. Of the 9 postgraduation survey respondents, all were satisfied with the RPM program and 89% would recommend RPM to other patients with similar health conditions. Limitations: Acute kidney injury RPM was made possible by the existing infrastructure in our integrated health system and the robust resources available in the Mayo Clinic Center for Digital Health. Such infrastructure may not be universally available which could limit scale and generalizability of such a program. Conclusions: Remote patient monitoring can offer a unique opportunity to bridge the care transition from hospital to home and increase access to quality care for the AKI survivors.

Abstract Background and Aims At least 30% of acute kidney injury (AKI) survivors lack appropriate follow up after hospital discharge. AKI survivors have highly dynamic posthospital course which warrants close monitoring to prevent adverse outcomes. Digital health solutions like remote patient monitoring (RPM) could be used to improve quality and efficiency of AKI survivor care. The purpose for this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the Mayo Clinic AKI RPM program, launched in October 2021. Method The Mayo Clinic AKI RPM program enrolled individuals who experienced AKI during a hospitalization and underwent nephrology consultation (Figure 1). Feasibility was assessed as the proportion of individuals approached for AKI RPM enrollment during the first year of the program who submitted at least one set of vital signs after discharge. An effectiveness analysis compared stage 3 AKI survivors enrolled in AKI RPM with at least 30-days of follow-up to matched historical controls (3:1) sampled from before RPM was available (2018-2021). The primary endpoint was hospital readmission or emergency department (ED) visit within 30-days, assessed with the Chi-square test. Secondarily we explored time to first readmission or ED visit with a Kaplan-Meier survival curve with a non-parametric comparison between groups, as well as readmission length of stay with the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test due to right skewed data distribution. Results Of the 50 individuals approached for AKI RPM participation, 45 (90%) submitted at least one set of vitals. Among AKI RPM patients, 34 patients with stage 3 AKI were matched to 102 controls based on baseline characteristics and demographics. Dialysis during hospitalization (liberated by discharge) was used in 36 (27%) of patients. Sixty (44%) individuals required ICU level of care. Median (IQR) discharge estimated glomerular filtration rate was 15 (11, 27) mL/min/1.73m2. Through matching, groups were well balanced with respect to pertinent baseline demographics. Hospital readmission or ED visit occurred in 17 (50%) of AKI RPM patients within 30-days compared to 39 (38%) of controls within 30-days (P = .23). The endpoint appeared driven by ED visits within 30-days, not readmissions [At least one ED visit: 13 (38%) vs 21 (21%), respectively (P = .04); At least one hospital readmission: 7 (21%) vs 26 (26%), respectively (P = .56)]. Time to first readmission or ED visit within 30-days was similar between groups (P = .35; Figure 2). Among the 33 patients who were readmitted to the hospital within 30-days, readmission length of stay was similar in the AKI RPM group compared to controls [Median (IQR) 76 (10.6, 121) hours vs 108 (70, 165) hours); P = 0.33]. Conclusion In conclusion, AKI RPM was a feasible program when used to bridge the care continuum (hospital to home) in non-dialysis dependent AKI survivors. Incidence of at least one hospital readmission or ED visit within 30-days was statistically similar between AKI RPM patients and controls. More AKI RPM patients experienced ED encounters in the 30-days after discharge, but frequency of hospital readmission was similar. Digital health solutions such as RPM offer a unique opportunity to address the important gap in AKI care after discharging from the hospital. Additional research is needed to explore the impact of AKI RPM on patient outcomes.

Background: The Mediterranean, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and plant-based diets may provide cardiovascular benefit to the general population. However, data on their effect on end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are limited. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of Mediterranean, DASH, and plant-based diets on outcomes among ESKD patients. Methods: A literature review was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases from inception through September 2022 to identify studies that assess the clinical outcomes of Mediterranean, DASH, or plant-based diets on ESKD patients on hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). Effect estimates from the individual studies were derived utilizing the random-effect, generic inverse variance approach of DerSimonian and Laird. Results: Seven studies with 9400 ESKD patients (8395 HD and 1005 PD) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the data analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) of mortality for ESKD patients who adhered to the Mediterranean versus plant-based diet were 0.49 (95% CI: 0.07–3.54; two studies, I2 = 67%) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75–1.01; two studies, I2 = 0%), respectively. Data on mortality for ESKD patients on a DASH diet were limited to one study with an OR of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.89–1.12). The pooled OR of cardiovascular mortality among ESKD patients who adhered to a plant-based diet was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.68–1.08; two studies, I2 = 0%), compared to those who did not. Data on cardiovascular mortality among those with Mediterranean and DASH diet were limited to one study with ORs of 1.14 (95% CI: 0.90–1.43) and 1.19 (95% CI: 0.99–1.43), respectively. Mediterranean diet adherence was found to be associated with reduced risk of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with an OR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68–0.99) in a study including 127 ESKD patients. The risk of hyperkalemia was not significant among those with a plant-based diet with an OR of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.94–1.07) in a study including 150 ESKD patients. Conclusions: While our systematic review demonstrated no significant associations of Mediterranean, DASH, and plant-based diets with reduced all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality, there was also no evidence that suggested harmful effects of these diets to ESKD patients.