Citations

miRNAs biomarkers are emerging as an essential part of clinical oncology. Their oncogenic and tumour suppressor properties playing a role in malignancy has generated interest in their potential for use in disease prognosis. While several studies on miRNA have been carried out across the globe, evaluating the clinical implications of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis research has currently not been attempted. A study delineating the area of miRNA research, including the topics presently being focused on, the seminal papers in this field, and the direction of research interest, does not exist. This study aims to conduct a large-scale, global data analysis and bibliometric profiling analysis of studies to evaluate the research output of clinical implications of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis listed in the SCOPUS database. A systematic search strategy was followed to identify and extract all relevant studies, subsequently analysed to generate a bibliometric map. SPSS software (version 27) was used to calculate bibliometric indicators or parameters for analysis, such as year and country of affiliation with leading authors, journals, and institutions. It is also used to analyse annual research outputs, including total citations and the number of times it has been cited with productive nations and H-index. The number of global research articles retrieved for miRNA-Cancer research over the study period 2003 to 2019 was 18,636. Between 2012 and 2019, the growth rate of global publications is six times (n = 15,959; 90.71 percent articles) that of 2003 to 2011. (2704; 9.29 per cent articles). China published the most publications in the field of miRNA in cancer (n = 7782; 41%), while the United States had the most citations (n = 327,538; 48%) during the time span. Of these journals, Oncotarget has the highest percentage of article publications. The journal Cancer Research had the most citations (n = 41,876), with 6.20 per cent (n = 41,876). This study revealed a wide variety of journals in which miRNA-Cancer research are published; these bibliometric parameters exhibit crucial clinical information on performance assessment of research productivity and quality of research output. Therefore, this study provides a helpful reference for clinical oncologists, cancer scientists, policy decision-makers and clinical data researchers.

Background: Patients with cardiovascular disease and risk factors for cardiovascular illness are more likely to acquire severe 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection (COVID-19). COVID-19 infection is more common in patients with cardiovascular illness, and they are more likely to develop severe symptoms. Nevertheless, whether COVID-19 patients are more likely to develop cardiovascular disorders such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still up for debate. Methods: We will follow the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) to report our final study, including a systematic search of the bibliographic database using the appropriate combination of search terms or keywords. The choice of search terms is discussed in more detail later in this paper. The obtained results will be screened, and the data extracted from the studies selected for systematic review will be based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using the obtained data, we will then perform the associated Meta-analysis to generate the forest plot (pooled estimated effect size Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) values) using the random-effects model. Any publication bias will be assessed using the funnel plot symmetry, Orwin and Classic Fail-Safe N Test and Begg and Mazumdar Rank Correlation Test and Egger’s Test of the intercept. In cases where insufficient data occur, we will also perform a qualitative review. Discussion: This systematic review will explore COVID-19 clinical outcomes, especially survival in patients hospitalised with Acute Myocardial Infarction, by utilising a collection of previously published data on hospitalised COVID-19 patients and Myocardial Infarction. Highlighting these prognostic survival analyses of COVID-19 patients with AMI will have significant clinical implications by allowing for better overall treatment strategies and patient survival estimates by offering clinicians a method of quantitatively analysing the pattern of COVID-19 cardiac complications.

Abstract Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) is activated in cells with defective DNA damage repair and signaling (DDR) factors, but a direct role for DDR factors in regulating cGAS activation in response to micronuclear DNA is still poorly understood. Here, we provide novel evidence that Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1) protein, a well-studied DNA double-strand break (DSB) sensor—in coordination with Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), a protein kinase, and Carboxy-terminal binding protein 1 interacting protein (CtIP), a DNA end resection factor—functions as an upstream regulator that prevents cGAS from binding micronuclear DNA. When NBS1 binds to micronuclear DNA via its fork-head–associated domain, it recruits CtIP and ATM via its N- and C-terminal domains, respectively. Subsequently, ATM stabilizes NBS1’s interaction with micronuclear DNA, and CtIP converts DSB ends into single-strand DNA ends; these two key events prevent cGAS from binding micronuclear DNA. Additionally, by using a cGAS tripartite system, we show that cells lacking NBS1 not only recruit cGAS to a major fraction of micronuclear DNA but also activate cGAS in response to these micronuclear DNA. Collectively, our results underscore how NBS1 and its binding partners prevent cGAS from binding micronuclear DNA, in addition to their classical functions in DDR signaling.

Introduction: Melanoma is a global disease that is predominant in Western countries. However, reliable data resources and comprehensive studies on the theragnostic efficiency of miRNAs in melanoma are scarce. Hence, a decisive study or comprehensive review is required to collate the evidence for profiling miRNAs as a theragnostic marker. This protocol details a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of miRNAs on chemoresistance and their association with theragnosis in melanoma. Methods and analysis: The articles will be retrieved from online bibliographic databases, including Cochrane Review, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science, with different permutations of ‘keywords’. To obtain full-text papers of relevant research, a stated search method will be used, along with selection criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P) standards were used to create this study protocol. The hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval will be analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software 3.0. (CI). The pooled effect size will be calculated using a random or fixed-effects meta-analysis model. Cochran’s Q test and the I2 statistic will be used to determine heterogeneity. Egger’s bias indicator test, Orwin’s and the classic fail-safe N tests, the Begg and Mazumdar rank collection test, and Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill calculation will all be used to determine publication bias. The overall standard deviation will be evaluated using Z-statistics. Subgroup analyses will be performed according to the melanoma participants’ clinicopathological and biological characteristics and methodological factors if sufficient studies and retrieved data are identified and available. The source of heterogeneity will be assessed using a meta-regression analysis. A pairwise matrix could be developed using either a pairwise correlation or expression associations of miRNA with patients’ survival for the same studies.

Background: The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding single-stranded RNAs typically 19–25 nucleotides long and regulated by cellular and epigenetic factors. These miRNAs plays important part in several pathways necessary for cancer development, an altered miRNA expression can be oncogenic or tumor-suppressive. Recent experimental results on miRNA have illuminated a different perspective of the molecular pathogenesis of head and neck cancers. Regulation of miRNA can have a detrimental effect on the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. This miRNA-induced chemoresistance can influence the prognosis and survival rate. The focus of the study is on how regulations of various miRNA levels contribute to chemoresistance in head and neck cancer (HNC). Recent findings suggest that up or down-regulation of miRNAs may lead to resistance towards various chemotherapeutic drugs, which may influence the prognosis. Methods: Studies on miRNA-specific chemoresistance in HNC were collected through literary (bibliographic) databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed, Nature, Elsevier, etc., and were systematically reviewed following PRISMA-P guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol). We evaluated various miRNAs, their up and downregulation, the effect of altered regulation on the patient’s prognosis, resistant cell lines, etc. The data evaluated will be represented in the form of a review and meta-analysis. Discussion: This meta-analysis aims to explore the miRNA-induced chemoresistance in HNC and thus to aid further researches on this topic. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018104657.

The purpose of this work was to investigate whether minibeam therapy with heavy ions might offer improvements of the therapeutic ratio for the treatment of human brain cancers. To assess neurotoxicity, we irradiated normal juvenile rats using 120 MeV lithium-7 ions at an absorbed integral dose of 20 Gy. Beams were configured either as a solid parallel circular beam or as an array of planar parallel minibeams having 300-micron width and 1-mm center-to-center spacing within a circular array. We followed animals for 6 months after treatment and utilized behavioral testing and immunohistochemical studies to investigate the resulting cognitive impairment and chronic pathologic changes. We found both solid-beam therapy and minibeam therapy to result in cognitive impairment compared with sham controls, with no apparent reduction in neurotoxicity using heavy ion minibeams instead of solid beams under the conditions of this study.

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed on most breast cancer cell surfaces including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which lacks traditional receptor overexpression.

Abstract KRAS-activating mutations are oncogenic drivers and are correlated with radioresistance of multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer, but the underlying precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Herein we model the radiosensitivity of isogenic HCT116 and SW48 colorectal cancer cell lines bearing wild-type or various mutant KRAS isoforms. We demonstrate that KRAS mutations indeed lead to radioresistance accompanied by reduced radiotherapy-induced mitotic catastrophe and an accelerated release from G2/M arrest. Moreover, KRAS mutations result in increased DNA damage response and upregulation of 53BP1 with associated increased non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair. Remarkably, KRAS mutations lead to activation of NRF2 antioxidant signaling to increase 53BP1 gene transcription. Furthermore, genetic silencing or pharmacological inhibition of KRAS, NRF2 or 53BP1 attenuates KRAS mutation-induced radioresistance, especially in G1 phase cells. These findings reveal an important role for a KRAS-induced NRF2-53BP1 axis in the DNA repair and survival of KRAS-mutant tumor cells after radiotherapy, and indicate that targeting NRF2, 53BP1 or NHEJ may represent novel strategies to selectively abrogate KRAS mutation-mediated radioresistance.