Citations

Introduction Psychiatric disorders have their genesis in early life. Standard screening approaches during well child visits for pathological infant distress, maternal depression, and dysfunctional parenting behaviors are likely inadequate. Microbiome measures and infant vocalizations have promise as scalable psychiatric biomarkers for infants. The purpose of this study was to examine associations among infant gut colonization based on microbiome measurements with maternal distress and maternal depressive symptoms in a sample of infants. Methods This study sought to examine infant microbiome correlates of infant distress, parent-infant interactions, maternal distress, and maternal depressive symptoms. We collected ( N = 31) microbiome samples, infant vocalizations during vaccination, and behavioral measures during a 4 month well child visit (WCV) and did a battery of clinical assessments to assess for maternal depression, parent-child interactions, family characteristics and family stress. Whole-genome SHOTGUN sequencing was utilized to identify three types of associations: alpha-diversity using Shannon and Inverse-Simpson indexes, beta-diversity using Bray-Curtis and Jaccard distances, and differential abundance using LinDA. Spectral measures of infant cries were also modeled to assess potential relationships with clinical assessments and the microbiome. Results There were 19 phyla, 417 genera, and 1246 species identified with taxonomic classification. Maternal distress as measured by PHQ-9 scores obtained when infants were 2 months old were associated with 4 bacterial species ( Actinomyces johnsonii, Bilophila wadsworthia, Clostridium dakarense and Ruminococcus flavefaciens ; FDR < 0.1) and beta-diversity ( p = 0.006-BC; p = 0.005-Jaccard). Infant cries with greater high frequency band power ( p < 0.03) and a greater high-to-mid frequency ratio–metrics ( p < 0.05) were associated with altered α-diversity of the microbiome. No correlations were present between maternal PHQ-9 at 4 months, PSI-IV and microbiome diversity. Conclusion The present findings suggest that an infant stress (assessed by quality of crying) is associated with lower microbiome diversity. Decreased diversity reflects an unhealthy microbiome. Parental depressive symptoms may also influence infant microbiome. Future interventional studies focused on the quality of the infant-caregiver relationship should examine related changes in intestinal microbiota.

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is considered a global epidemic and has shown a progressive increase in recent decades. Bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the most effective sustainable weight loss option. However, weight regain is one of the challenges facing patients and is attributed to several factors, including dilatation of the gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA). Objectives: The central objective of this study is to correlate the influence of time on GJA widening in patients undergoing RYGB over a 7-year period. Methods: Prospective and longitudinal study conducted over 7 years in patients undergoing RYGB. Surgical and endoscopic procedures were performed in a medium hospital in the same city. Weight, body mass index (BMI) and GJA size were assessed at intervals of 2, 6, 12, 24, 30, 48, 60, and 72 months after the surgical procedure. Results: The highest mean value in the distribution of anastomosis diameter was 20±2.27 mm at 72 months after surgery. The lowest mean value was 10.2±1.70 mm at 2 months after surgery. The analysis showed that there is a significant effect of time on anastomosis diameter, with statistically significant differences in the mean value between 2, 6, 12, 24, 60, and 72 months after surgery (F(1,724,5,172)=9.555, P<0.05). Conclusion: Multiple comparative analysis showed that there are statistically significant differences between the mean lengths of anastomosis across the times studied, with a greater influence of the time factor 24 months after surgery.

Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCMs) are low-flow vascular lesions located within the central nervous system, with a reported prevalence in the general population of 0.16–0.5%. Patients with CCMs may remain asymptomatic or present new onset symptoms such as seizures or focal neurological deficits often related to the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage. CCM may appear sporadic or as part of familial forms linked to mutations in the CCM-gene cluster, affecting endothelial cell integrity and triggering molecular cascades, including the MEKK3/KLF2/4 signaling pathway. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of inflammatory, angiogenic, and coagulation pathways alongside the emerging evidence of a gut–brain axis influencing microbiome-driven TLR4 signaling. This systematic review aims to describe molecular biomarkers associated with CCM pathophysiology, emphasizing their potential use as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Circulating plasma biomarkers such as CRP, vitamin D, and interleukins may reflect ongoing inflammatory and endothelial processes, while some imaging biomarkers like Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) have shown a correlation with iron deposition and vascular leakage. Leveraging both circulating and imaging biomarkers may improve the therapeutic decision-making process. Further studies are encouraged to validate these findings and to facilitate the development of personalized, evidence-based strategies for the management of CCM.