Arsanjani, Reza

Intracardiac metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and challenging to diagnose. Lutetium (Lu)-177 DOTATATE therapy has demonstrated significant benefit in patients with metastatic NET; however, there are limited data regarding the direct impact on cardiac metastases. Patients with intracardiac metastasis from NET were evaluated. Patients were stratified by treatment with Lu-177 DOTATATE. Quantitative assessments of the progression of cardiac metastatic size (maximal diameter) and metabolic activity, as measured by maximal standardized uptake value (SUV max ), were performed on serial 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET imaging. In a cohort of 23 patients, 11 patients (47.8%) received Lu-177 DOTATATE therapy. Through a median of 2.2 years of follow-up, these patients showed some reduction in metastatic burden with a median reduction in maximal diameter of 1.0 mm (IQR: 0.0–3.0) and a median change in SUV max of −1.6 (IQR: −4.4 to 1.5). In contrast, patients who did not receive Lu-177 DOTATATE had some increase in maximal diameter of 0.5 mm (−2.0 to 2.0) and an increase in SUV max of 1.4 (−6.2 to 2.3). Overall, Lu-177 DOTATATE therapy may result in modest regression of intracardiac metastases as assessed by molecular imaging, whereas patients with cardiac metastases who did not receive therapy appeared to show progression.

Abstract Aims Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are a critical intervention for advanced heart failure (HF), serving as destination therapy or bridge to transplantation. Obesity and diabetes impact outcomes in patients with LVADs. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) demonstrate cardiovascular benefits; however, their role in patients with LVADs remains underexplored. We evaluated the association of GLP1-RA therapy with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with LVADs. Methods This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX database, a research network database from 98 healthcare organizations. We queried for all adult LVAD recipients (≥18 years) and were stratified into GLP1-RA users and non-users. Propensity score matching (PSM) (1:1) balanced demographics, comorbidities, medication use and laboratory data. Outcomes included heart transplantation rates, heart failure hospitalizations, all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalizations and cardiovascular events. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results After PSM, we included a total of 1036 adult LVAD recipients (518 GLP1-RA users, 518 matched non-users) with a mean follow-up time of 311.6 ± 98.4 days for the GLP1-RA cohort and 304.0 ± 111.5 days for the non-GLP1-RAs cohort. Mean age was 56.7 ± 12.2 years in the GLP1-RA cohort and 58.0 ± 12.5 years in the non-GLP1-RA cohort. Females comprised 28.0% of both cohorts while White patients represented 52.1% of the GLP1-RA group and 53.1% of the non-GLP1-RA group. GLP1-RA users had higher heart transplantation rates [n = 98 (18.9%) vs. n = 44 (8.5%); aOR 2.514 (95% CI: 1.720–3.673)]. Acute HF events and all-cause hospitalizations were lower among GLP1-RA users compared with non-users [n = 288 (55.6%) vs. n = 357 (68.9%); aOR 0.565 (95% CI: 0.438–728) and n = 324 (62.5%) vs. n = 390 (75.3%); aOR 0.548 (95% CI: 0.420–0.716)]. No differences were observed when comparing the GLP1-RA cohort with the non-GLP1-RA cohort in regard to all-cause mortality [n = 32 (6.2%) vs. n = 44 (8.5%); aOR 0.709 (95% CI: 0.442–1.138)], stroke [n = 42 (8.1%) vs. n = 58 (11.2%); aOR 0.700 (95% CI: 0.461–1.062)] or cardiac arrest [n = 18 (3.5%) vs. n = 17 (3.3%); aOR 1.061 (95% CI: 0.541–2.082)]. Conclusions GLP1-RA therapy in patients with advanced HF and LVADs is potentially associated with improved heart transplantation rates while decreasing hospitalization and acute HF event rates.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenses. Meanwhile, effective management of AF requires a comprehensive, patient-centered approach that includes risk factor modification, rate and rhythm control strategies, and prevention of thromboembolic events. Multidisciplinary AF clinics have emerged as a model for comprehensive management to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burden. This review discusses the rationale, structure, benefits, challenges, and future directions of multidisciplinary AF clinics, emphasizing their role in optimizing AF management.

Introduction: Sex-based differences in outcomes among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate sex-specific differences in cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HFrEF receiving SGLT2 inhibitors alongside guidelinedirected medical therapy (GDMT). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX global research network. Adults with HFrEF treated with SGLT2is and GDMT were stratified by sex. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline demographics, comorbidities, medications, and laboratory data. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and acute heart failure (HF) events; secondary outcomes included hospitalizations, arrhythmias, renal outcomes, and advanced therapies. Results: After PSM, 17,408 male and 17,408 female patients were analyzed. Male patients had lower odds of acute HF events (aOR: 0.949; 95% CI: 0.909–0.991), all-cause hospitalizations (aOR: 0.933; 95% CI: 0.895–0.973), and renal failure (aOR: 0.915; 95% CI: 0.870–0.962). No significant differences were observed in all-cause mortality (aOR: 1.003; 95% CI: 0.926–1.087) or heart transplantation, although LVAD use was more frequent in males (aOR: 1.416; 95% CI: 1.053–1.905). Discussion: The findings highlighted potential sex-based disparities in outcomes for patients with HFrEF on SGLT2is. Differential prescribing patterns, comorbidity burden, or timing of therapy initiation may contribute to observed differences. Conclusion: Among HFrEF patients treated with SGLT2is, males experienced lower risks of HF events, hospitalizations, and renal failure compared to females, despite similar mortality. Further research is needed to understand and address sex-specific disparities in HFrEF management.

Chronic left bundle branch block (LBBB) has been associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and the development of cardiomyopathy. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in adults with isolated LBBB with no known heart failure (HF), cardiomyopathy, or ischemic heart disease. Using the TriNetX global research network, patients were stratified by ARB use and followed for up to 5 years. Propensity score matching was performed to balance characteristics. Three thousand two hundred sixty-six patients were included in each group with comparable baseline characteristics. The ARB therapy was not associated with a reduction in new-onset acute HF events (4.9% vs 4.4%; hazard ratio (HR) 1.05 (95% CI 0.84–1.32)). Similarly, there were no significant differences in rates of all-cause hospitalizations, cardiac arrest, or ventricular tachycardia. However, ARB use was associated with a significantly lower, all-cause mortality rate (8.6% vs 12.1%; HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.57–0.77)). This is the first real-world study examining ARB use in a cohort with isolated LBBB, highlighting a potential mortality benefit, despite no difference in acute HF risk. While ARBs are not effective in preventing LBBB-induced cardiomyopathy based on these findings, the observed survival advantage warrants further investigation. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms underlying this mortality benefit and to determine whether ARBs should be considered in the management of patients with isolated LBBB.