Yanke, Adam B.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to define the impact of preoperative opioid use on postoperative opioid use, patient‐reported outcomes, and revision rates in a cohort of patients receiving arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Methods Patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy were identified from an institutional database. Inclusion criteria were completion of preoperative and postoperative patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 1‐year follow‐up and completion of a questionnaire on use of opioids and number of pills per day. Outcomes assessed included postoperative PROM scores, postoperative opioid use, persistent pain, and achievement of the patient acceptable symptomatic state. A matched cohort analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of opioid use on achievement of postoperative outcomes, whereas a multivariate regression was performed to determine additional risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to establish threshold values in oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) that predicted each outcome. Results A total of 184 (16.3%) patients were included in the opioid use (OU) group and 1,058 in the no opioid use (NOU) group. The OU and NOU groups showed statistically significant differences in both preoperative and postoperative scores across all PROMs ( P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression identified preoperative opioid use as a significant predictor of reduced achievement of the patient acceptable symptomatic state (odds ratio [OR], 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29‐0.83, P = .008), increased likelihood of endorsing persistent pain (OR, 1.73, 95% CI, 1.17‐2.56, P = .006), and increased opioid use at 1 year (OR, 21.3, 95% CI, 12.2‐37.2, P < .001). Consuming a high dosage during the perioperative period increased risk of revision surgery (OR, 8.59, 95% CI, 2.12‐34.78, P < .003). Results were confirmed by matched cohort analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis found that total OME >1430 mg/d in the perioperative period (area under the curve, 0.76) and perioperative daily OME >32.5 predicted postoperative opioid consumption (area under the curve, 0.79). Conclusions Patients with a history of preoperative opioid use can achieve significant improvements in patient‐reported outcomes after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. However, preoperative opioid use negatively impacts patients’ level of satisfaction and is a significant predictor of pain and continued opioid usage. Level of evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study

Objective To analyze the topography of the opposite condyle to treat focal femoral condyle articular defects with an osteochondral allograft (OCA). Design Three groups were created: Group 1, same condyle with same width; Group 2, opposite condyle with same width; Group 3, opposite condyle with different width. Computed tomography (CT) of 22 cadaveric femoral hemi-condyles was used to create 3-dimensional CT models that were exported into point-cloud models. Three zones of the donor condyle (anterior, middle, and posterior) were quantified. Four defect sizes were created (15, 18, 23, 25 mm) at the weight-bearing region. The defect was moved throughout each donor condyle zone and the least distance was calculated, defined as the shortest distance between the defect and the donor condyle. Results The mean least distance increased with larger defect size in all groups, yet there was a less than 0.2 mm difference in the least distance among defect sizes. The 15, 18, and 23 mm defect models in Group 1 exhibited greater least distances at the anterior than middle and posterior zones. The 15 mm defect model exhibited greater least distance at the anterior zone than posterior zone in Group 3. However, there was a less than 0.05 mm difference in the mean least distance between zones. There was no significant difference in the least distance between groups. Conclusion OCAs from opposite condyles yield similar topographic matching to OCAs from the same condyles, suggesting that opposite condyles can be utilized. Clinical correlation and outcomes are necessary.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of competitive athletes to remain at a high level of competition following osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) of the knee. Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify all competitive athletes (high school, collegiate, professional) who underwent an isolated femoral condyle OCA between 2004 and 2012. Patient reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires (Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Short Form-12 (SF-12), Tegner, and Marx) and custom return-to-sport surveys were administered. All subsequent reoperations were documented. Results: A total of 13 (7 male, 6 female) athletes were identified with an average follow-up of 5.9 ± 2.5 years. Four athletes competed at an intercollegiate level, while 9 played high-level high-school sports. Seven athletes returned to competitive sport (54%) at an average of 7.9 ± 3.5 months, five of whom were returned to pre-injury levels of play. Of the eight athletes who either did not return to sport or failed to sustain their high level of play, the most common reasons cited were a change in life circumstances, such as graduation, or a fear of re-injury (Figure 1). At final follow-up, regardless of return-to-play, all athletes had significant improvements in all PRO scores except for KOOS-Sport, WOMAC-Stiffness, and SF-12 Mental subscales. Tegner Activity scores dropped significantly from pre-injury to final follow-up (8.2 ± 2.4, 4.5 ± 2.1, p < 0.01). There were three reoperations and zero instances of graft failure. Conclusion: OCAs provide acceptable rates of return-to-play and excellent long-term outcomes for high-level athletes with large osteochondral defects. Social factors are three times more likely than persistent pain to prevent return to sport.