Pollak, Peter

AbstractBackgroundData on the clinical utility of left atrial (LA) hemodynamic monitoring during percutaneous mitral interventions are limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between intraprocedural LA pressures during percutaneous mitral paravalvular leak (PVL) closure and long term survival.MethodsPatients who underwent mitral PVL repair with invasive LA pressure monitoring were divided at baseline to three tertiles based on their mean final LA pressure (<25%; 25‐30%; >30% of mean systolic blood pressure). Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality.Results134 patients (mean age 68 ± 12 years) were studied. Over 3 year mean follow‐up, 81 (38%) patients died. The cumulative probability of death at 3 years was significantly higher among patients in the highest LA pressure tertile (56 ± 8% vs. 28 ± 5%, log rank P < 0.001). More than mild residual mitral regurgitation (MR) by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was associated with a 2.5‐fold increased risk of death and patients in the highest LA pressure tertile had 2.2‐fold higher mortality (P < 0.001 and = 0.003 respectively). After adjustment for residual MR by TEE, each 10% acute procedural reduction in LA pressures was associated with a significant 9% reduced risk of death (P = 0.023). Multivariate Cox regression with adjustment for multiple predictors of death showed that patients in lower LA pressure tertiles had 59% lower mortality (P = 0.003).ConclusionLower LA pressure following mitral PVL closure is an independent predictor of improved survival, even after adjustment for residual MR. LA pressure monitoring may be a useful tool for procedural guidance during mitral PVL closure.

Objectives To determine event‐free survival after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD), and to identify predictors of adverse events (AE) in post myocardial infarction VSD (post‐MI VSD) subgroup. Background There are limited data on mid‐term follow‐up after transcatheter VSD closure. Methods Retrospective review of 27 cases of transcatheter VSD closure (post‐MI = 18 and non‐ischemic = 9) performed from 1999 to 2013. We defined AE as death, device embolization, hemolysis requiring blood transfusion, heart block and reintervention. Results In the post‐MI VSD subgroup, mean age and follow‐up was 69 ± 11 and 7.3 ± 7 years, respectively. AE occurred in 8 (44%) patients (death‐3, device embolization‐1, hemolysis‐1, surgical VSD closure‐2, reintervention‐1). Event‐free survival was 56% at 1 month and 5 years, and all AE occurred in the periprocedural period. Cardiogenic shock (HR: 3.21, CI: 1.82–5.41, P = 0.002), and VSD closure in acute phase (HR: 2.14, CI: 1.12–4.31, P = 0.004) were independent predictors of AE. In the non‐ischemic VSD subgroup, mean age and follow‐up was 49 ± 15 and 8.7 ± 8 years, respectively. AE occurred in 3 (33%) patients (late death‐1, surgical VSD closure‐2). For the entire cohort, freedom from death was 89% and 85% at 1 month and 5 years, and event‐free survival was 70% and 61% at 1 month and 5 years. Conclusions Transcatheter closure of post‐MI VSD carries a moderate risk of periprocedural complications but low event rates afterwards. By comparison, device closure of non‐ischemic VSD has lower periprocedural morbidity but some patients continued to experience AE during follow‐up. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.