With novel mutant SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern on the rise, knowledge of immune specificities against SARS-CoV-2 proteins is increasingly important for understanding the impact of structural changes in antibody-reactive protein epitopes on naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity, as well as broader topics of cross-reactivity and viral evolution. A multi-coronavirus protein microarray used to map the binding of COVID-19 patient antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 proteins and protein fragments as well as to the proteins of four other coronaviruses that infect humans has shown specific regions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins that are highly reactive with patient antibodies and revealed cross-reactivity of these antibodies with other human coronaviruses.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr-Mediated G2 Arrest Requires Rad17 and Hus1 and Induces Nuclear BRCA1 and γ-H2AX Focus Formation
Molecular and Cellular Biology | October 14, 2004 | Volume: 24 | Issue: 21 | Pages: 9286-9294