Zattar, Luciana C

The increase in the number of injectable filler procedures has led to a rise in associated complications, with vascular compromise being the most feared. As a result, blood flow can be interrupted, leading to ischemia, necrosis or ulcerations, pulmonary embolism, blindness, and cerebral vascular injuries. In this context, Doppler high‐frequency ultrasound (DHFUS) is a radiological tool that can be used to avoid, to diagnose, and to treat vascular complications. This study aims to review facial vessels anatomy and major variations, describe the examination technique, probe positions and teach how to recognize vascular occlusions, in order to avoid negative outcomes.

Imaging is important for evaluation and diagnosis of nail pathologic disorders, and knowledge of imaging protocols and characteristics supports informed treatment planning and effective monitoring of therapeutic outcomes in cutaneous and systemic disease contexts.