Cheungpasitporn, Wisit

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following solid-organ transplantation. However, the epidemiology of AKI and mortality risk of AKI among patients undergoing cardiac transplantation is not uniformly described. We conducted this study to assess the incidence of AKI and mortality risk of AKI in adult patients after cardiac transplantation. Methods: A systematic review of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Databases was performed until June 2019 to identify studies evaluating the incidence of AKI (by standard AKI definitions), AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), and mortality risk of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. Pooled AKI incidence and mortality risk from the included studies were consolidated by random-effects model. The protocol for this study is registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42019134577). Results: 27 cohort studies with 137,201 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation were identified. Pooled estimated incidence of AKI and AKI requiring RRT was 47.1% (95% CI: 37.6–56.7%) and 11.8% (95% CI: 7.2–18.8%), respectively. The pooled ORs of hospital mortality and/or 90-day mortality among patients undergoing cardiac transplantation with AKI and AKI requiring RRT were 3.46 (95% CI, 2.40–4.97) and 13.05 (95% CI, 6.89–24.70), respectively. The pooled ORs of 1-year mortality among patients with AKI and AKI requiring RRT were 2.26 (95% CI, 1.56–3.26) and 3.89 (95% CI, 2.49–6.08), respectively. Conclusion: Among patients undergoing cardiac transplantation, the incidence of AKI and severe AKI requiring RRT are 47.1% and 11.8%, respectively. AKI post cardiac transplantation is associated with reduced short term and 1-year patient survival.

Aim Depression is a major disease burden in Thailand. In rural areas, young adults will leave home to work in cities, and older adults are left behind. Loneliness and comorbidities can lead to depression in older adults. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for geriatric depression. Methods A cross‐sectional study was carried out. Questionnaires including the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale and family relationship were obtained by healthcare professions by face‐to‐face interviews of 584 older people aged ≥60 years in Ban Nayao community, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Geriatric depression can be defined as depressive syndromes that arise in adults aged ≥60 years. We excluded those who had visual or auditory disabilities or did not pass the Thai Mini‐Mental Status Examination. The prevalence and associated factors for geriatric depression were obtained. Associated factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 433 older people were eligible. The prevalence of geriatric depression was 18.5%. Of the participants, 54.1% lived in an imbalanced family type. Multivariate analysis showed the significance for female sex (adjusted OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.54–7.49, P = 0.01), illiteracy (adjusted OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.19–6.17, P ‐value 0.04), current smoker (adjusted OR 4.25, 95% CI 2.12–10.18, P = 0.009) and imbalanced family type (low attachment, low cooperation and poor alignment between each member; adjusted OR 4.52, 95% CI 2.14–7.86, P < 0.001) as risk factors for depression. Conclusions The prevalence of geriatric depression in rural Thailand is high. Imbalanced family type is an important risk factor for geriatric depression in the rural community. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1248–1253 .

Background: Lung transplantation has been increasingly performed worldwide and is considered an effective therapy for patients with various causes of end-stage lung diseases. We performed a systematic review to assess the incidence and impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients after lung transplantation. Methods: A literature search was conducted utilizing Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through June 2019. We included studies that evaluated the incidence of AKI, severe AKI requiring RRT, and mortality risk of AKI among patients after lung transplantation. Pooled incidence and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using random-effects meta-analysis. The protocol for this meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; no. CRD42019134095). Results: A total of 26 cohort studies with a total of 40,592 patients after lung transplantation were enrolled. Overall, the pooled estimated incidence rates of AKI (by standard AKI definitions) and severe AKI requiring RRT following lung transplantation were 52.5% (95% CI: 45.8–59.1%) and 9.3% (95% CI: 7.6–11.4%). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that the year of study did not significantly affect the incidence of AKI (p = 0.22) and severe AKI requiring RRT (p = 0.68). The pooled ORs of in-hospital mortality in patients after lung transplantation with AKI and severe AKI requiring RRT were 2.75 (95% CI, 1.18–6.41) and 10.89 (95% CI, 5.03–23.58). At five years, the pooled ORs of mortality among patients after lung transplantation with AKI and severe AKI requiring RRT were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.11–1.94) and 4.79 (95% CI, 3.58–6.40), respectively. Conclusion: The overall estimated incidence rates of AKI and severe AKI requiring RRT in patients after lung transplantation are 52.5% and 9.3%, respectively. Despite advances in therapy, the incidence of AKI in patients after lung transplantation does not seem to have decreased. In addition, AKI after lung transplantation is significantly associated with reduced short-term and long-term survival.

Background: Arteriovenous fistula is the most preferred form of vascular access, but stenosis treated by balloon angioplasty is prone to restenosis. Multiple trials have been published with regard to the use of paclitaxel-coated balloon to prolong lesion patency compared to conventional balloon. Although paclitaxel-coated balloon has theoretical appeal, its use has not been widespread nationwide due to cost and lack of large-scale multicenter studies. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate whether paclitaxel-coated balloon outperforms conventional balloon to prolong target lesion patency. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Clinical Trials.gov, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central were searched from inception through April 2019 for studies that investigated the use of paclitaxel-coated balloon in arteriovenous fistula. Results: Ten studies were included in the final meta-analysis: six studies were randomized controlled trials and four studies were cohort studies. There were 911 participants with a mean age of 64.78 (±5.96) years, and 61.89% were male. Outcome of interest was target lesion primary patency, recorded at 1, 3, 6, 7, 12, and 24 months. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials shows that paclitaxel-coated balloons did not statistically improve target lesion primary patency compared to conventional balloons at months 1 (odds ratio = 1.54, p = 0.6373), 3 (odds ratio = 0.57, p = 0.0575), 6 (odds ratio = 0.65, p = 0.3644), 7 (odds ratio = 0.63, p = 0.0582), 12 (odds ratio = 0.64, p = 0.0612), and 24 (odds ratio = 0.43, p = 0.3452). Effect of paclitaxel-coated balloons was statistically significant for cohort studies at months 6 (odds ratio = 0.26, p = 0.0007), 12 (odds ratio = 0.21, p = 0.0001), and 24 (odds ratio = 0.23, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Paclitaxel-coated balloon showed no statistically significant improvement over conventional balloons in decreasing fistula stenosis in randomized controlled trial but were significant for cohort studies.

Objectives Recent studies have suggested that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) could be a predisposing factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) although the results were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to summarize all available data. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through September 2018 to identify all studies that compared the risk of NAFLD among patients with SIBO versus those without SIBO. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results A total of 10 studies with 1093 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association between NAFLD and SIBO was observed with the pooled odds ratio of 3.82 (95% confidence interval, 1.93–7.59; I 2 65%). Funnel plot is relatively symmetric and is not suggestive of the presence of publication bias. Conclusion A significant association between NAFLD and SIBO was observed in this meta-analysis.

AbstractIntroductionCurrent data on the role of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for renal progression in patients with hypertension is inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the association of uric acid and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hypertensive patients using a nationwide patient sample.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional study based on the DM/HT study of the Medical Research Network of the Consortium of Thai Medical Schools.This study evaluated adult patients with hypertension from 831 Thailand public hospitals in the year 2014. Serum uric acid (SUA) was categorized into quintiles (≤4.5, 4.6 to 5.4, 5.5 to 6.2, 6.3 to 7.4, ≥7.5 mg/dL). CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association between SUA and CKD using uric acid of ≤4.5 mg/dL as the reference group.ResultsA total of 9776 hypertensive patients with available SUA were included in the analysis. The mean SUA was 6.1±1.8 mg/dL. The prevalence of CKD in hypertensive patients was 31.8%. SUA of 4.6 to 5.4, 5.5 to 6.2, 6.3 to 7.4, and ≥7.5 mg/dL were associated with an increased CKD with ORs of 1.57 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.92), 2.15 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.66), 3.31 (95% CI 2.72 to 4.04), and 7.11 (95% CI 5.76 to 8.78), respectively. The restricted cubic spline showed significant increased CKD prevalence when uric acid ≥4.6 mg/dL.ConclusionHigher SUA was associated with increased CKD prevalence in patients with hypertension. SUA should be monitored in hypertensive patients for CKD prevention.

Abstract Background There are controversial data regarding the relationship between hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and arrhythmias. This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the incidence of arrhythmias in patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods A literature search was conducted utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Databases from inception through April 2019. Pooled incidence with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random‐effects meta‐analysis. The protocol for this meta‐analysis is registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; no. CRD42019131833). Results Thirteen studies consisting of 10,587 patients undergoing HSCT were enrolled in this systematic review. Overall, the pooled estimated incidence of all types of arrhythmias following HSCT was 7.2% (95% CI: 4.9%‐10.5%). With respect to the most common type of arrhythmia, the pooled estimated incidence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL) within 30 days following HSCT was 4.2% (95% CI: 1.7%‐9.6%). Egger's regression test demonstrated no significant publication bias in this meta‐analysis of post‐HSCT arrhythmia incidence. Conclusion The overall estimated incidence of arrhythmias following HSCT was 7.2%. Future large scale studies are needed to further elucidate the significance and clinical impact of arrhythmias in post‐HSCT patients.

AbstractBackgroundThere are controversial data regarding the relationship between bariatric surgery and atrial fibrillation (AF). This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate (i) the incidence and (ii) the risk of AF in patients following bariatric surgery.AimsTo explore the incidence and risk factors of AF in patients after bariatric surgery.MethodsA literature search was conducted utilising MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Database from inception through March 2019. We included studies that evaluated the (i) incidence and (ii) risk of AF in patients after bariatric surgery. Pooled incidence and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsSeven cohort studies consisting of 7681 patients undergoing bariatric surgery were enrolled in this systematic review. The prevalence of AF in patients undergoing bariatric surgery ranged between 0% and 4.6%. Overall, the pooled estimated incidence of AF following bariatric surgery was 5.3% (95% CI: 1.9–13.8) at a median follow‐up time of 7.9 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4.1–15.0 years). Compared to controls, the pooled OR of AF among patients undergoing bariatric surgery was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.22–0.83) at a median follow‐up time of 7.9 years (IQR 7.2–19.0 years). Egger regression test demonstrated no significant publication bias in our meta‐analysis of AF incidence following bariatric surgery.ConclusionThe overall estimated incidence of AF following bariatric surgery was 5.3%. Our study demonstrates a significant beneficial association between bariatric surgery and AF, with a 0.42‐fold decreased risk of AF. Future large‐scale studies are needed to confirm the potential benefits of bariatric surgery on risk of AF.

Background: Although acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), the incidence and impact of AKI on mortality among patients on ECMO remain unclear. We conducted this systematic review to summarize the incidence and impact of AKI on mortality risk among adult patients on ECMO. Methods: A literature search was performed using EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Databases from inception until March 2019 to identify studies assessing the incidence of AKI (using a standard AKI definition), severe AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), and the impact of AKI among adult patients on ECMO. Effect estimates from the individual studies were obtained and combined utilizing random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian-Laird. The protocol for this systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42018103527). Results: 41 cohort studies with a total of 10,282 adult patients receiving ECMO were enrolled. Overall, the pooled estimated incidence of AKI and severe AKI requiring RRT were 62.8% (95%CI: 52.1%–72.4%) and 44.9% (95%CI: 40.8%–49.0%), respectively. Meta-regression showed that the year of study did not significantly affect the incidence of AKI (p = 0.67) or AKI requiring RRT (p = 0.83). The pooled odds ratio (OR) of hospital mortality among patients receiving ECMO with AKI on RRT was 3.73 (95% CI, 2.87–4.85). When the analysis was limited to studies with confounder-adjusted analysis, increased hospital mortality remained significant among patients receiving ECMO with AKI requiring RRT with pooled OR of 3.32 (95% CI, 2.21–4.99). There was no publication bias as evaluated by the funnel plot and Egger’s regression asymmetry test with p = 0.62 and p = 0.17 for the incidence of AKI and severe AKI requiring RRT, respectively. Conclusion: Among patients receiving ECMO, the incidence rates of AKI and severe AKI requiring RRT are high, which has not changed over time. Patients who develop AKI requiring RRT while on ECMO carry 3.7-fold higher hospital mortality.

Background: Kidney transplantation in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is frequently complicated by recurrence, resulting in thrombotic microangiopathy in the renal allograft and graft loss. We aimed to assess the use of eculizumab in the prevention and treatment of aHUS recurrence after kidney transplantation. Methods: Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Database) were searched through February 2019. Studies that reported outcomes of adult kidney transplant recipients with aHUS treated with eculizumab were included. Estimated incidence rates from the individual studies were extracted and combined using random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Protocol for this systematic review has been registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; no. CRD42018089438). Results: Eighteen studies (13 cohort studies and five case series) consisting of 380 adult kidney transplant patients with aHUS who received eculizumab for prevention and treatment of post-transplant aHUS recurrence were included in the analysis. Among patients who received prophylactic eculizumab, the pooled estimated incidence rates of recurrent thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after transplantation and allograft loss due to TMA were 6.3% (95%CI: 2.8–13.4%, I2 = 0%) and 5.5% (95%CI: 2.9–10.0%, I2 = 0%), respectively. Among those who received eculizumab for treatment of post-transplant aHUS recurrence, the pooled estimated rates of allograft loss due to TMA was 22.5% (95%CI: 13.6–34.8%, I2 = 6%). When the meta-analysis was restricted to only cohort studies with data on genetic mutations associated with aHUS, the pooled estimated incidence of allograft loss due to TMA was 22.6% (95%CI: 13.2–36.0%, I2 = 10%). We found no significant publication bias assessed by the funnel plots and Egger’s regression asymmetry test (p > 0.05 for all analyses). Conclusions: This study summarizes the outcomes observed with use of eculizumab for prevention and treatment of aHUS recurrence in kidney transplantation. Our results suggest a possible role for anti-C5 antibody therapy in the prevention and management of recurrent aHUS.