Abstract Background: Although some vaccines seem to be associated with a lower risk of lymphoma, their impact on outcomes is largely unknown. Methods: Data from a large prospective lymphoma cohort study were utilized to estimate associations of self-reported history of vaccination against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, influenza, and yellow fever with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: None of the vaccines were associated with EFS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77–1] or OS (HRs 0.96–1.04). Similarly, there were no significant associations between the vaccines and outcomes for each lymphoma subtype. Conclusions: Prior vaccination against selected viruses was not associated with EFS or OS among patients with lymphoma. Impact: We did not find evidence for an impact of prior vaccination on lymphoma prognosis.
Family history of haematological malignancy and prognosis across non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
British Journal of Haematology | March 10, 2026 | Volume: 208 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 1631-1640
Summary Family history of haematological malignancy (FHHM) reflects inherited susceptibility to non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but its prognostic significance remains poorly understood. We used a cohort study of 1994 NHL patients to evaluate associations between FHHM and clinical outcomes across lymphoma subtypes. We estimated associations, adjusted for sex and lymphoma‐specific prognostic index, of self‐reported FHHM in a first‐degree relative with overall survival (OS), event‐free survival (EFS) and lymphoma‐specific survival (LSS) using multivariable Cox regression models and with failure to achieve EFS at 24 months (EFS24) using logistic regression. FHHM prevalence was 12.8%, and the median follow‐up among survivors was 12.0 years. FHHM was not associated with OS. In subtype‐specific analyses, FHHM was associated with inferior LSS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–3.53) in follicular lymphoma (FL); this association and the association with EFS24 failure strengthened among those treated with front‐line immunochemotherapy (EFS24 failure odds ratio = 2.57, 95% CI 1.08–5.99; LSS HR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.09–6.58). In mantle cell lymphoma, FHHM was associated with inferior EFS (HR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.02–2.85). Interaction testing did not demonstrate significant heterogeneity of FHHM effects by lymphoma subtype. FHHM may be associated with adverse outcomes in select NHL groups, particularly FL. These findings warrant further investigation of germline and environmental factors potentially contributing to more aggressive FLs.