Abstract Abstract 287 Purpose: Farnesyltransferases are key cellular enzymes involved in the prenylation of proteins. Prenylated proteins are important for malignant cell growth. The purpose of this phase II study (NCT00082888) was to assess tumor response and toxicity associated with the oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib (R115777, Johnson and Johnson) in patients with relapsed aggressive, indolent, or uncommon lymphoma. The uncommon group included low incidence lymphoma types such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma- cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Patients and Methods: Patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin (NHL) or Hodgkin (HL) were eligible if they had measurable disease, performance status ≤2, platelet count ≥75,000 × 10(6)/L, an absolute neutrophil count ≥1000 × 10(6)/L and a creatinine ≤2 × upper limit of normal. Patients initially received tipifarnib 300 mg twice daily, days 1–21 every 28 days. The trial was conducted by the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Lymphoma SPORE. Results: Ninety-three patients with lymphoma (42 aggressive, 15 indolent, and 36 uncommon) enrolled in the trial between March 2004 and November 2008. The median age was 62 years (range, 18–91). The median number of prior therapies was 5 (range, 1–17). The overall response rate (ORR) was 20% (19/93) with 6% (6/93) complete responses (CR) and 14% (13/93) partial responses (PR). The ORR was 17%, 7%, and 31% for the aggressive, indolent, and uncommon groups, respectively (Table). Among the 19 responders were 7 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 7 T-cell NHL, 1 follicular grade II, and 4 HL. The overall median response duration for the 19 responders was 7.5 months (mean, 12.8; range, 1.8 – 48.1 months). The median response duration was 11.3 months (mean, 10.1; range, 1.8 – 18.5 months), 2 months, and 7.5 months (mean, 15.5; range, 1.9 – 48.1 months) for the aggressive (7), indolent (1), and uncommon (11) groups, respectively. Five patients in the uncommon group are still receiving treatment with a range of treatment duration between 25 – 60+ months. Among the 5 still receiving treatment 4 responded and 1 is stable. The range of response duration is 15.4, 17.7, 43.1, and 48.1 months. These five patients (2 with HL, 1 anaplastic large cell cutaneous, and 2 PTCL) are currently receiving doses of 400 (1), 200 (2), and 100 (2) mg twice daily. The median time to progression for all patients was 3.6 months (95% CI: 2.1 – 4.5 months). The grade 3,4 toxicities observed were primarily fatigue (10%) and reversible myelosuppression with 11% anemia, 37% neutropenia, and 32% thrombocytopenia. Correlative studies demonstrated tipifarnib-induced upregulation of Bim, a marker of tipifarnib action in lymphoma cell lines, in 7 of 9 paired lymphoma biopsies. Conclusions: Tipifarnib has activity in lymphoma, with responses in patients with heavily pretreated DLBCL, HL and T-cell types, but little activity in follicular NHL. This agent has an excellent toxicity profile and targets a novel pathway. Further studies in combination with other agents are warranted for patients with DLBCL, HL or T-cell NHL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Vitamin D Insufficiency and Prognosis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Abstract Abstract 2408 Purpose: Vitamin D insufficiency is common globally and in the United States. Approximately 25–50% of patients seen in routine clinical practice have vitamin D levels below the optimal range with low levels linked to higher cancer incidence. Although vitamin D insufficiency is also related to inferior prognosis in some cancers, no data exists for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). Patients and Methods: To test the hypothesis that vitamin D levels predict outcome in patients with CLL, we evaluated the relationship of 25 (OH)D serum levels with time-to-treatment (TTT) and overall survival (OS) in 390 newly diagnosed CLL patients participating in a prospective cohort study (discovery cohort) and separate cohort of 153 previously untreated patients participating in an observational study (confirmation cohort). 25 (OH)D levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were all <7% (data not shown). All vitamin D assays were performed on stored research samples; results were not included in the clinical record and were not known to the treating physicians in either study. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as a serum 25 (OH)D level <25 ng/mL (62.5 nmol/L), an accepted level3 for the establishment of hypovitaminosis D and the threshold used in routine clinical practice to identify individuals with 25 (OH)D insufficiency by our laboratory in routine clinical practice (http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com). Results: We evaluated the relationship of 25 (OH)D serum levels with time-to-treatment (TTT) and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed CLL patients participating in a prospective cohort study (discovery cohort) and a separate cohort of previously untreated patients participating in an observational study (confirmation cohort). Of 390 CLL patients in the discovery cohort, 119 (30.5%) were 25 (OH)D insufficient. 25 (OH)D insufficiency had no relationship with CD38, ZAP-70, CD49d or IGHV mutation status and had no relationship with FISH risk category as classified using the Dohner system. After median follow-up of 3 years, TTT (hazard ratio [HR]=1.66; p=0.005) and OS (HR=2.39; p=0.01) were shorter for 25 (OH)D insufficient patients (figure). We next attempted to validate these findings in an independent group of previously untreated CLL patients. In the validation cohort, 61 of 153 patients (39.9%) were 25 (OH)D insufficient. After median follow-up of 9.9 years, TTT (HR=1.59; p=0.05) and OS (HR 1.63; p=0.06) were again shorter for 25 (OH)D insufficient patients. On pooled multivariable analysis of patients in both cohorts adjusting for age, sex, stage, CD38, ZAP-70, IGHV, CD49d, and FISH, 25 (OH)D insufficiency remained an independent predictor of TTT (HR=1.47; p=0.008). On multivariable analysis for OS, the HR for death associated with 25 (OH)D insufficiency was similar to univariate findings although the p value did not reach the threshold of statistical significance (HR=1.47; 95% CI=0.97–2.23; p=0.07). Conclusion: 25 (OH)D insufficiency is associated with inferior TTT and OS in CLL patients. Whether normalizing vitamin D levels in deficient CLL patients would improve outcome merits clinical testing. Disclosures: Zent: Genzyme: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; G.S.K.: Research Funding.
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Inferior Event-Free and Overall Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.
Abstract Abstract 1952 Poster Board I-975 Background: Vitamin D is a naturally occurring steroid hormone. In addition to its well-established role in maintaining serum calcium homeostasis, vitamin D has effects on cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Vitamin D3 is naturally produced in skin in response ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation from the sun. Several recent studies, however, have shown that a high proportion of community-dwelling subjects in both tropical and temperate climates are deficient in vitamin D, and that subjects in northern latitudes often require dietary supplementation to maintain vitamin D sufficiency. Further, several reports now suggest that vitamin D sufficiency is protective against the development of several cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, it is not known whether vitamin D impacts prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common NHL subtype. Methods: We evaluated serum vitamin D concentrations in two cohorts of DLBCL patients. The first cohort consisted of 374 patients newly diagnosed from September 2002-February 2008 who were prospectively enrolled in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Lymphoma SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource, an observational study in which neither therapeutic nor diagnostic management is prescribed. All serum was obtained within 120 days of diagnosis, and was prior to treatment in 221 (59%). In the second study, 62 patients newly diagnosed from February 2006-August 2007 were enrolled on NCCTG clinical trial N0489, and all serum was obtained before the first course of therapy. Central pathology review was performed on all patients to confirm the diagnosis of DLBCL. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25-OH-VitD) levels were measured by the gold standard method for vitamin D determination: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as total serum 25-OH-VitD < 25 ng/mL (62.5 nmol/L). SPORE patients were followed per a standard protocol for event-free (progression, retreatment, or death due to any cause) and overall survival (EFS and OS, respectively); N0489 patients were followed in a similar way per the clinical trial protocol. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: SPORE patients were primarily treated with immunochemotherapy (83%); all N0489 patients were treated with epratuzumab + R-CHOP21. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years (range, 19-93) for SPORE patients and 61 years (range, 21-82) for N0489 patients. Median follow-up for SPORE patients was 36 months (range, 1-77) with 95 deaths and 131 events; median follow-up for N0489 patients was 24 months (range, 7-39) with 13 deaths and 18 events. Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 188 SPORE patients (50%) and 15 N0489 patients (24%). There were no differences in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency by age, IPI, or whether serum was obtained prior to starting treatment (all p > 0.28). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with inferior overall (HR=2.33, 95% CI 1.53-3.57, logrank p = 0.0001) and event-free survival (HR=1.71, 95% CI 1.20-2.44, logrank p = 0.003) in the SPORE cohort. These associations remained significant after adjusting for IPI and treatment: OS HR=1.97, 95% CI 1.27-3.07; EFS HR=1.47, 95% CI 1.02-2.21. These results were similar for the subset of SPORE patients who were treated with R-CHOP. The HRs for vitamin D deficiency and event-free survival were consistent in the N0489 patients (HR=1.63, 95% CI 0.61-4.35, IPI adjusted HR=1.43, 95% CI 0.53-3.85), although these results lacked precision due to a smaller sample size. We were unable to evaluate OS in N0489 due to the small number of deaths. Conclusions: Approximately 50% of all DLBCL patients in this northern US latitude population are vitamin D deficient at the time of diagnosis and treatment. Vitamin D deficient patients have an inferior event-free and overall survival compared to patients with vitamin D levels within the normal range. Vitamin D supplementation during treatment of DLBCL patients with vitamin D deficiency should be evaluated in a clinical trial setting. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Variability Of Performance Status Assessment Between Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Their Physicians
Abstract Background Performance status (PS) is a measurement of a patient’s functional capabilities and has been validated as a prognostic indicator in patients with cancer. This study was conducted to compare patient and physician-rated Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS to determine the incidence of inter-observer variability and identify determinants of PS disagreement among a cohort of patients with hematologic malignancy. Methods Newly diagnosed patients with leukemia and lymphoma were prospectively enrolled in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) from 2002-2008. At diagnosis, patients and their physicians were asked to independently rate ECOG PS. Those who reported PS within 1 month of diagnosis were included in this analysis. Chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess the association between PS disagreement and prognostic or demographic factors; Cox proportional hazards models and c-statistics were used to evaluate the association between PS and overall survival. Results 1269 patients were included with a median age of 61 years (range 18-91). Of these, 58% were male; 275 had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 127 had Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and 867 had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Overall, 829 (65%) patients and physicians rated PS the same. Age greater than 60 was a significant predictor of disagreement overall (p<0.001), as well as in CLL (p=0.014) and NHL (p=0.004), but not in HL (p=0.65). We found that across disease subtypes, the level of disagreement increased with more aggressive disease. This finding was significant in those with HL (p=0.027) and NHL (p<0.0001) as International Prognostic Score (IPS) and International Prognostic Index (IPI) increased respectively. In CLL, the trend for Rai stage was suggestive but not statistically significant (p=0.27). The incidence of disagreement was highest among patients with NHL (37%), with a higher percentage of disagreement among those with aggressive (45%) vs. non-aggressive (25%) subtypes (p<0.001). Disagreement was lower in patients with CLL (27%) and HL (33%). There were no significant associations between patient gender or education level and PS rating among subtypes or overall. Patient and physician-rated PS were both significant predictors of overall survival in univariate models and also adjusted for subtype and subtype specific risk score. The prognostic ability for PS was similar for both patient rated and physician-rated assessment overall (c-statistic=0.76 for both patient and physician rated PS) and in those with HL (c-statistic=0.85 for both patient and physician rated PS) and NHL (c-statistic=0.76 for both patient and physician rated PS). However, patient-rated PS was better for prognostication in CLL (c-statistic=0.75; p<0.0001), compared to physician-rated PS (c-statistic=0.67; p=0.002). Conclusions Patients with hematological malignancies and their physicians do not always rate PS the same, particularly in patients who are older or have more advanced or aggressive disease. These findings suggest the need for physicians to communicate with patients when determining PS, as PS is a strong predictor of survival. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Serum Free Light Chains and Clinical Outcome In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Abstract Abstract 2409 Background: Serum free light chain (FLC) quantitation has prognostic value in MGUS, multiple myeloma (MM), solitary plasmacytoma, and amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis, and it has been incorporated in response criteria for both MM and AL amyloidosis. Two recent studies have shown FLC abnormalities are present in 39–54% of CLL patients and are associated with shorter time to treatment (TTT) and inferior overall survival (OS) in CLL. Here we report the largest study to date of FLC abnormalities in a prospective cohort of CLL patients and explore the effects of both monoclonal and polyclonal FLC elevations. Methods: Newly diagnosed CLL patients were prospectively enrolled in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER). Serum FLC was quantitated from stored research serum samples using the Freelite FLC assay (The Binding Site, Ltd., Birmingham, UK). Elevated FLC was defined as either kappa or lambda above the reference range (k>19.4 mg/L, l>26.3 mg/L). Monoclonal FLC elevation was defined as elevated FLC with an abnormal FLC ratio. Polyclonal FLC elevation was defined as elevated FLC with a normal FLC ratio (0.26–1.65). Patients with normal FLC but abnormal FLC ratio were evaluated as a distinct group (Abnormal FLC Ratio). Clinical data was abstracted using a standard protocol for the MER and patients were followed systematically for TTT and OS. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of FLC with TTT and OS. Results: 385 CLL patients diagnosed between September 2002 and February 2008 with available serum were assayed. At a median follow-up of 47 months (range 1–94), 135 patients (35%) have been treated and 43 patients have died (11%). Abnormalities in FLC were present in nearly half of the CLL patients (48.8%). Although 32.4% had an elevated kappa or lambda, only 14.0% had a monoclonal FLC elevation while the remaining 18.4% had a polyclonal FLC elevation. An additional 16.4% had an abnormal ratio without elevated FLC. Monoclonal FLC elevation was associated with high risk features of CD38+, CD49D+, ZAP70+, IGHV unmutated and having high risk FISH (del 17p13; del 11q22). Monoclonal FLC elevation was highly associated with shorter TTT (HR=3.24, p=0.0007) and poor overall survival (HR=4.14, p=0.0006). These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for stage and prognostic factors. Abnormal FLC ratio without elevated FLC was also associated with shorter TTT (HR=1.74, p=0.03), though this association did not hold after adjustment for stage and prognostic factors. Polyclonal FLC elevations were associated high risk FISH and poor overall survival (HR=6.41, p<0.0001, adjusted HR = 4.82, p=0.0002) but not with TTT. Conclusions: In the largest series of newly diagnosed CLL patients reported to date, nearly half of CLL patients have abnormal FLC concentrations. Monoclonal FLC elevation is an independent predictor of shorter TTT and inferior overall survival in CLL, is associated with high risk markers, and may be a marker of an aggressive tumor. Polyclonal FLC elevation without abnormal FLC ratio is independently associated with poor overall survival but not TTT suggesting it may be a non-specific marker of host frailty/comorbidity rather than disease specific outcomes. Regardless of cause, CLL patients with elevated FLC have poor outcome and FLC may have utility as a biomarker in CLL. Disclosures: Zent: Genzyme: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; G.S.K.: Research Funding.
Oral Tipifarnib (R115777) Has Single Agent Anti-Tumor Activity in Patients with Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): Results of a Phase II Trial in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Lymphoma SPORE (CA97274).
Abstract Background: Patients (pts) with aggressive NHL who relapse after conventional chemotherapy or stem cell transplant have a poor prognosis. Novel agents are needed for this important subset. Tipifarnib is an orally available methylquinolone derivative that is an inhibitor of the farnesyl transferase enzyme that transfers the farnesyl group from farnesyl pyrophosphate to specific polypeptides including small GTPases of the Ras, Rho-B, and Rheb families, as well as nuclear lamins and kinetochore proteins. Tipifarnib has documented activity in acute leukemia and produces stable disease in relapsed multiple myeloma. The goal of this study was to evaluate the activity of single-agent tipifarnib in patients with relapsed aggressive NHL in the context of a phase II trial. Methods: Pts with relapsed diffuse large, follicular grade III, or mantle cell lymphoma were eligible for this study. Pts were treated with oral tipifarnib 300 mg twice daily d1–21 q 28 days until progression. Pts were restaged after 2 cycles, 6 cycles, and every 3 cycles thereafter. Tumor was sampled prior to tipifarnib and at day 8 in selected patients with accessible tumors. These paired samples were assayed for accumulation of unprocessed HDJ-2 and prelamin A, two polypeptides that require farnesylation for processing. Results: Forty-two pts were accrued between March 2004 and June 2006. Thirty-seven pts had diffuse large cell, 1 follicular grade III, and 4 had mantle cell. Of the 38 patients evaluable for response, 7 (18%) had a partial response and 8 (21%) had stable disease. The 7 responders all had diffuse large cell histology. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for all pts was 2 months (range, 0–25+). The PFS of the 7 responders was noteworthy at 4.2, 4.9+, 6.7, 9.6, 14.9+, 21.6+, and 25.1+ months, respectively. The primary toxicity was myelosuppression and 33% of pts required dose reductions. The median dose received in all pts was 300 mg twice daily (mean 275, range, 100–400). The median dose received by the 7 responders was 200 mg twice daily (range, 100–400). The dose of 300 mg twice daily resulted in accumulation of unfarnesylated forms of one or both markers in all pts studied to date. Conclusion: Oral tipifarnib has antitumor activity as a single agent with an excellent toxicity profile in pts with relapsed/refractory aggressive lymphoma. When given in this dose and schedule, tipifarnib is well-tolerated and can be taken for months without cumulative toxicity. This drug warrants further investigation in combination with conventional chemotherapy and other novel agents for the treatment of this important subset of patients.
Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients Treated with Immunochemotherapy Who Are Alive and Progression Free 12 Months After Diagnosis Have a Subsequent Overall Survival Similar to That of the General Population
Abstract Abstract 1540 Background: Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma in the western world. Outcomes have improved with the standard initial therapy of rituximab and anthracyline based chemotherapy (immunochemotherapy). However, 20–40% of patients will either fail to achieve remission or relapse following initial immunochemotherapy. Most relapses occur early, and long-term outcome of relapsed/refractory patients is generally poor despite salvage regimens and stem cell transplant. Traditionally, studies for DLBCL have been evaluated using progression-free and/or overall survival. However, the event rate in DLBCL slows significantly approximately 12–18 months after diagnosis, and late events are often due to competing (non-DLBCL related) risks, especially in older patients. Here we examine outcome of DLBCL patients based on their event status at 12 months. Methods: Newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were prospectively enrolled in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Lymphoma SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER). Clinical data were abstracted from medical records using a standard protocol. Patients were actively followed for events (progression, re-treatment, or death due to any cause) and overall survival (OS). Event-free status at 12 months after diagnosis (EFS12) was assessed as a dichotomous variable. Cause of death was determined by medical record and death certificate review using prospectively determined definitions. Expected survival was based on age and sex matched survival using the Minnesota population death rates. Confirmation cohorts were from a Lyon, France hospital based registry and NCCTG clinical trial N0489. Results: 680 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and treated with rituximab + anthracycline based chemotherapy were enrolled in the MER from 2002 to 2009. The median age was 62 years (range 18–92). 53% were male. At a median follow-up of 59 months (range 8–116), 266 patients (39%) had an event and 188 patients (28%) died. 162 patients (24%) had an event in the first 12 months after diagnosis, comprising 60% of all events. Patients with an event in the first 12 months had poor survival with death almost exclusively due to disease (Figures 1a, 2a). In contrast, patients who were event-free at 12 months had comparable survival to the age and sex matched general population (Figure 2b) and were more likely to die of other causes than DLBCL (Figure 1b). Overall survival rates by EFS12 status were validated in patients from a French hospital-based registry (N=265) and the NCCTG N0489 clinical trial (N=87) with additional replication studies underway. Conclusions: DLBCL patients who are event-free at 12 months after diagnosis have an excellent prognosis with an overall survival similar to that of an age- and sex- matched general population and are more likely to die of other causes than DLBCL. This finding has implications for clinical management, new clinical trials, and follow-up testing in this patient population. In contrast, patients with an event within the first 12 months after diagnosis have a poor prognosis with almost all deaths secondary to DLBCL. EFS status at 12 months identifies patients with poor outcomes due to disease. This can be utilized as an endpoint in biologic studies and clinical trials to address early treatment failures. EFS status at 12 months should be incorporated into prognostic models to identify high risk patients in newly diagnosed DLBCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
EBV(+) Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Is Infrequent in Upper Central United States and Lacks Unique Clinical Characteristics or Adverse Prognosis Compared to EBV (−) Counterparts: Results From University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic SPORE
Abstract Abstract 1604 Background EBV (+) DLBCL of the elderly is a lymphoproliferative disorder recently included as a provisional entity in the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid tumors. Defined as EBV (+) DLBCL in patients over the age of 50 years without known immunosuppression, information is evolving in this entity. To date, the true incidence of EBV (+) DLBCL in adults remains imprecisely determined and may vary regionally. This study sought to determine the incidence, presenting clinical characteristics, and outcome of EBV (+) in an unselected cohort of DLBCL patients enrolled in a prospective observational study. Methods The University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) is a prospective, longitudinal observational study designed to collect information on patterns of care and outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma. Patients seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN and the University of Iowa within 9 months of their initial diagnosis of lymphoma are offered enrollment. HIV (+) patients are excluded. Baseline patient reported data, clinical data and initial management are collected using a standard protocol and a central pathology review is performed. After enrollment, patients are actively followed for events (disease progression, retreatment, and death) and disease related comorbidities. Tissue Micro Arrays (TMA) are constructed on available primary biopsy specimens. Epstein Barr Encoded RNA (EBER) EBV testing was performed by in-situ hybridization, and scored by an expert hematopathologist. EBER reactivity in more than 30% of malignant cells were required for EBV(+) designation. All DLBCL patients from the MER with available TMA excluding primary mediastinal DLBCL and post transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are included in the current analysis. Event free survival (EFS) was defined as time from diagnosis until recurrence, retreatment, or death due to any cause. Results 184 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with available TMAs were enrolled in the MER from 2002–2009. The median age at enrollment was 62 (range 18–89) and 57% were male. 89.7% were treated with immunochemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 66 months (range 1–116), 80 patients (43%) had an event which included 59(32%) deaths. TMA testing was positive for EBV in 13 (7 %) samples with an even distribution among age groups. There was a trend toward higher percentage of stage III/IV disease (85 vs 57%, p = 0.052), and BM involvement (46 vs 16%). EBV (+) was not associated with other extranodal disease or further identifiable differences in presenting clinical characteristics. Controlling for IPI, the hazard ratio for EFS among EBV+ in DLBCL pts over 50 was 0.41 (95% CI = 0.13–1.32) p = 0.14. EFS and OS curves for pts over 50 are shown below. There were no events or deaths in the 4 EBV+ pts under age 50. Conclusions EBV+ DLBCL represents a small proportion of DLBCL patients presenting for care to our academic medical centers, consistent with reports from other regions. Substantial unique clinical characteristics at presentation for those pts with EBV+ disease were not identified, and outcomes were no worse than EBV (−) counterparts. Given the apparent regional differences in reports of EBV(+) DLBCL of the elderly, future clinical series will need to establish a more precise definition or determine more distinctive features to justify adoption of EBV(+) DLBCL of the elderly as a full entity in the WHO classification. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Non-Follicular Low Grade B-Cell Lymphomas: Patterns of Presentation and Management with Comparative Prognostic Utility of IPI and FLIPI
Abstract Abstract 1563 Intro: Optimal treatment for non-follicular low grade B-cell lymphoma (NFLGL) is not well defined. Clinical trial design for these subtypes would be enhanced by further understanding of early presentation and management. A large prospective observational study was used to identify presenting clinical features, describe patterns of care and compare the prognostic utility of International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI). Methods: The University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) is a prospective, longitudinal observational study designed to collect information on patterns of care and outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma. Patients seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN and the University of Iowa within 9 months of their initial diagnosis of lymphoma are offered enrollment. Baseline patient reported data, clinical data and initial management are collected using a standard protocol and a central pathology review is performed. After enrollment, patients are actively followed for events (disease progression, retreatment, and death) and disease related comorbidities. This analysis includes 198 patients diagnosed with extranodal marginal zone (EMZL), 22 with nodal marginal zone (NMZL), 47 with splenic marginal zone (SMZL), 48 with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), as well as 67 patients with unclassifiable low-grade B-cell lymphoma (B-NOS). Results: 382 newly diagnosed NFLGBL patients were enrolled in the MER from 2002–2009. The median age at enrollment was 63 years (range 22–95). 52% were male. The most common types of initial therapy after diagnosis were observation (41 %), alkylator- based chemotherapy +/− rituximab (R) (17%), radiation therapy alone (15%) and R monotherapy (13%). At median follow-up of 60 months (range 1–121), 51 patients were deceased and 155 had an event. The clinical characteristics that comprise the IPI and FLIPI were similar across the subtypes. Approximately half of the cases presented at low risk (55% IPI; 48% FLIPI). A majority had a normal LDH (81%), limited nodal involvement (91% had ≤ 4 groups), normal hemoglobin (71% ≥12 g/dL), good performance status (95% 0–1), and advanced stage (57% stages III-IV). There were notable differences among the NFLGBL subtypes. Patients with SMZL and LPL presented with high risk FLIPI of 3–5 (49% and 46% respectively) and high to high-intermediate IPI of 3–5 (21% and 13%). Abnormal LDH and anemia (< 12 g/dL) were more frequent in patients with SMZL (40%; 56%) and LPL (25%; 62%). EMZL presented with lower stages (70% stage I-II) and NMZL presented with increased nodal involvement (38% >4 sites). SMZL had the highest rates of surgical resection (21%) and EMZL was more frequently treated with radiation therapy (25%). LPL (30%) and NMZL (32%) more commonly received alkylator based chemotherapy +/− R. While both IPI and FLIPI differentiated outcome in these patients, FLIPI had higher c-statistics than IPI for both EFS (0.583 vs 0.568) and OS (0.685 vs 0.661), respectively. Conclusions: This large prospective collection of data on NFLGBL patients presenting to academic medical centers provides a modern picture of presentation and management patterns useful to investigators designing clinical trials. FLIPI may have more prognostic utility than IPI in this group of patients. Disclosures: Ansell: Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Research Funding.
Host Genetics and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Prospective Cohort of Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors
Abstract Abstract 1573 Background. Treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a previous report, we found that the risk of CVD in patients with NHL diagnosed in the recent treatment era (since 2002) was approximately 1% per year after the initial diagnosis of lymphoma. We evaluated the association of 30 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes associated with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in children (SLC10A2, SLC28A3, ABCC1, ABCB3, CBR3, FMO2, SPG7) and genes associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults (ABO, F2/CKPA5, F5, F11, KLKB1, SCUBE1, SLC19A, SELP) with the risk of new onset cardiovascular disease in a cohort of NHL patients. Methods. All patients were from the Mayo component of the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) of the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Lymphoma SPORE, and were enrolled from 2002–2008. The MER offers enrollment to all consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NHL who are US residents and age >18 years. Clinical data from the time of diagnosis and treatment data are abstracted from medical records using a standard protocol. Patients are prospectively contacted via telephone or in person per protocol every 6 months for the first 3 years from diagnosis and yearly afterwards to assess disease status and development of comorbid conditions. CVD events, including heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia, pericarditis, and valvular heart disease, occurring after diagnosis were identified during follow-up and validated against medical records. HF was validated with the Cardiovascular Health Study Criteria and/or the Framingham Criteria. MI was validated using case definition standards of coronary heart disease, while arrhythmia, pericarditis, and valvular heart disease were validated using clinical definitions. Genotyping was conducted using a custom Illumina iSelect platform. Cox regression was used to estimate Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for individual SNPs with time to CVD, with death modeled as a competing risk. Each SNP was modeled with the most prevalent homozygous genotype used as the reference group, and each SNP was modeled as having a log-additive (per minor allele) effect in the regression model. An ordinal test was used to assess the trend, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. There were 805 newly diagnosed NHL patients with no history of CVD at time of lymphoma diagnosis and had genotype data available for analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range, 21–93) and 53% were male. The most common subtypes were follicular lymphoma (33%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (29%), and marginal zone lymphoma (14%). Anthracycline-based chemotherapy as initial therapy or at re-treatment was used in 51% of the patients and radiation therapy was used in 18%. Median follow-up of all cases was 59 months (range, 1–105). There were 36 incident CVD events (4.5%) and 139 deaths (17%). The most common CVD events were arrhythmia (N=17) and heart failure (N=14). There was no association with any of the anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity genes and risk of CVD overall or in the subgroup of patients (N=406) who received an anthracycline. Of the venous thromboembolism (VTE) SNPs, rs4253399 in F11 (coagulation factor 11) with a minor allele frequency of 0.39 was associated with risk of CVD (HR=2.14; 95%CI 1.35–3.40; p=0.001). When restricted to anthracycline-treated patients, the HR for rs4253399 became stronger (HR=2.56; 95%CI 1.39–4.72; p=0.003), and an ABOSNP (rs660340) with a minor allele frequency of 0.43 became significant (HR=2.14; 95%CI 1.13–4.04; p=0.02). Conclusions. This is the first report that genes involved in VTE also predict CVD risk in NHL patients, particularly those treated with anthracycline chemotherapy. However, SNPs from genes previously associated with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity were not associated with CVD risk in this cohort, although those SNPs were identified in children and may not apply to adults. Future research will need to validate these findings and identify additional genetic markers that can be incorporated into risk assessment for CVD in this patient population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.