Abstract Recent literature has primarily focused on the factors influencing postoperative seizures following resection of meningioma, but many patients also suffer seizures preoperatively. This meta-analysis examined patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and preoperative symptoms to determine which factors are most associated with preoperative seizures. A literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted. All randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and cohort studies reporting on preoperative seizure in patients with meningioma were included for analysis. The initial search yielded 4129 total studies, 33 of which were included for quantitative analysis. A total of 8221 patients were analyzed and the rate of preoperative seizure was 26%. Patients were classified as adult vs pediatric and male vs female for analysis. Meningiomas were classified as midline/bilateral vs left-sided vs right-sided, WHO grade 1 vs grade 2-3, greater than 4 cm3 vs less than 4 cm3, and skull base vs non-skull base location. The preoperative signs and symptoms analyzed included presence of headaches, tumor-related edematous change, and neurological deficits. Preoperative seizures were more common in pediatric patients (p< .02) and males (p< .0001). Patients with tumors classified as midline (p< .0001), WHO grade 2-3 (p< .0001), larger than 4 cm3 (p< .0001), and skull base location (p< .0001) were more likely to experience preoperative seizures. Preoperative headaches (p< .0001) were less common in patients with preoperative seizures. Edematous change (p< .0001) and neurological deficits (P< .0001) were more common in patients with pre-operative seizures. On assessment of risk for study bias, no publication bias was detected. This meta-analysis displayed that over 20% of meningioma patients suffer from preoperative seizures. Notably, pediatric patients, patients with midline and skull base meningiomas, and males of all ages were more likely to experience preoperative seizure. Interestingly, patients with preoperative seizures were less likely to experience headaches.
Commentary: Resection of Giant Craniopharyngioma: Contending With Multiple Compartments and Myriad Perforating Arteries: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of the spine and SI joints. Diagnostic criteria and treatments have continued to evolve, necessitating a historical compendium of AS and its management. This paper aims to review the historical context underlying the discovery of AS, as well as the major diagnostic and therapeutic discoveries in the last two centuries. Methods: A scoping review of the literature pertaining to AS was performed via the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Future directions of AS treatments were assessed by querying the clinicaltrials.gov website. Results: The history of AS can be traced as far back as ancient Egypt (as evidenced by the discovery of its presence in ancient Egyptian mummies) to the late 20th century, when the inherited nature of AS was linked to a genetic factor, HLA-B27. Each discovery made throughout the years led to further investigations into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AS. The criteria to differentiate AS from rheumatoid arthritis were first reported in 1893. Since then, diagnostic criteria for AS have undergone a series of changes before the present-day diagnostic criteria for AS were ultimately determined in 2009 by the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society. Conclusion: As the pathophysiology of AS is better understood, healthcare providers are able to diagnose and treat the condition more effectively. In particular, earlier diagnosis and multiple treatment options have facilitated efficient and more effective treatment.