Utz, David C.

A survey of the case records of children seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1935 to 1965 revealed that 77 had nephro-ureterolithiasis and 6 had nephrocalcinosis. Calculous disease occurred twice as frequently in boys as in girls; the incidence did not change with age between the ages of 1 and 15 years. Urologic lesions, urinary infections, or both were present in 49 children and cystinuria was present in 5. In 8 children, renal stones were considered causally related to hypercalciuria, whereas in 14 children no etiologic associations could be found. Chemical analysis of calculi, which was performed in 36 cases, revealed that most stones consisted of calcium oxalate or phosphate; no uric acid stones were found.