Citations

1. The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] on dietary oxalate absorption and postprandial urine supersaturation with calcium oxalate was determined in 11 normal subjects. 2. 1,25-(OH)2D increased the urinary excretion of orally administered [14C]oxalate in the 8 h period after a liquid meal containing 1.875 mmol of calcium and 0.83 mmol of oxalate (P < 0.01), and during a 48 h period when the subjects ingested a diet containing 25 mmol of calcium and 3.3 mmol of oxalate/day (P < 0.01); however, 1,25-(OH)2D administration had no effect on [14C]oxalate excretion when calcium was removed from the liquid meal. 3. 1,25-(OH)2D increased 24 h urinary oxalate excretion from 28.7 ± 2.1 mmol/mol of creatinine to 36.8 ± 2.6 mmol/mol of creatinine (P < 0.05) on the 10 mmol/day calcium diet and from 26.4 ± 2.9 to 33.2 ± 2.2 mmol/mol of creatinine (P < 0.1) on the 25 mmol/day calcium diet. 4. A linear correlation (r = 0.72) was found between plasma 1,25-(OH)2D levels and urinary [14C]oxalate excretion after the liquid meal. 5. 1,25-(OH)2D administration produced postprandial supersaturation of urine with calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate crystalluria. 6. These studies suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D increases oxalate absorption (and urinary excretion) by increasing calcium absorption, which results in less binding of calcium to oxalate in the intestine; therefore more oxalate is available for absorption. The combined effect of increased calcium and oxalate absorption results in postprandial supersaturation of urine with calcium oxalate, with resultant crystalluria.

Abstract Aim The objective of this meta‐analysis was to compare the effects of off‐pump and on‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) on acute kidney injury ( AKI ) and the need of dialysis after surgery. Methods Comprehensive literature searches for randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of CABG with on‐pump and off‐pump was performed using MEDLINE , EMBASE , C ochrane D atabase of S ystematic R eviews, C ochrane C entral R egister of C ontrolled T rials S ystematic R eviews and clinicaltrials.gov from inception through S eptember 2014. Primary outcomes were the incidence of AKI and the need of dialysis. Mortality was assessed among the studies that reported renal outcomes. Pooled risk ratios ( RR s) and 95% confidence interval ( CI ) were calculated using a random‐effect, generic inverse variance method. Results Thirty‐three RCTs with 17 322 patients were enrolled in our study. Patients in the off‐pump CABG group had overall lower incidence of AKI (19.1%) compared with the on‐pump CABG group (22.2%). There was a protective effect of off‐pump CABG on the incidence of AKI compared with the on‐pump CABG group ( RR : 0.87; 95% CI : 0.77–0.98). However, there was no significant difference in the need for dialysis in the off‐pump group compared with the on‐pump group ( RR : 0.84; 95% CI 0.63–1.13). Within the selected trials, post hoc analysis assessing the mortality outcome demonstrated a pooled RR of 0.97 (95% CI , 0.77–1.23) in off‐pump versus on‐pump CABGs . Conclusions Our study demonstrates a beneficial effect of off‐pump CABG on the incidence of AKI . However, our meta‐analysis does not show benefits of the need of dialysis or survival among patients undergoing off‐pump CABG .

AbstractBackgroundThe reported risk of depression in patients with hypomagnesaemia is controversial.AimThe objective of this meta‐analysis was to assess the association between depression and hypomagnesaemia.MethodsA literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database and clinicaltrials.gov from inception through October 2014. Studies that reported odds ratios, relative risks or hazard ratios comparing the risk of depression in patients with hypomagnesaemia were included. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random‐effect, generic inverse variance method.ResultsSix observational studies (three cohort studies, two cross‐sectional studies and a case–control study) with a total of 19 137 patients were identified and included in the data analysis. The pooled RR of depression in patients with hypomagnesaemia was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.01–1.79, I2 = 33%). The association between depression and hypomagnesaemia was marginally insignificant after the sensitivity analysis including only cohort and case–control studies, with a pooled RR of 1.38 (95% CI, 0.92–2.07, I2 = 24%).ConclusionOur study demonstrates a potential association between hypomagnesaemia and depression. Further studies assessing the benefits of treatment of hypomagnesaemia in patients with depression are needed.

Abstract Background/Objectives The risk of chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) in patients who regularly drink soda is controversial. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the associations between consumption of sugar‐sweetened and artificially sweetened soda and CKD . Methods A literature search was performed using MEDLINE , EMBASE and the C ochrane D atabase of S ystematic R eviews from inception until 30 J une 2014. Studies that reported odds ratios or hazard ratios comparing the risk of CKD in patients consuming significant amounts of either sugar‐sweetened or artificially sweetened soda versus those who did not consume soda were included. Pooled risk ratios ( RR ) and 95% confidence intervals ( CI ) were calculated using a random‐effects, generic inverse variance method. Results Five studies were included in our analysis of the association between consumption of sugar‐sweetened soda and CKD . The pooled RR of CKD in patients consuming sugar‐sweetened soda was 1.58 (95% CI 1.00–2.49). Four studies were selected to assess the association between consumption of artificially sweetened soda and CKD . The pooled RR of CKD in patients consuming artificially sweetened soda was 1.33 (95% CI 0.82–2.15). Conclusions Our study demonstrates statistically significant increased risks of CKD in patients consuming sugar‐sweetened soda, but not in patients consuming artificially sweetened soda. This finding suggests that sugar‐sweetened soda consumption is associated with CKD and may impact clinical management and primary prevention of CKD in high‐risk patients.