Citations

Abstract The plasma cell proliferative index (PCPI), determined by a slide technique or by flow cytometry, detects cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and is a useful prognostic tool in patients with plasma cell disorders such as multiple myeloma and amyloidosis. We conducted a retrospective review analyzing the prognostic effect of PCPI in 306 patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). Seventy-nine (26%) patients had an elevated PCPI (>0.5). An elevated PCPI predicted an inferior time to progression (median, 3.0 vs 7.1 years for those with a low PCPI; P = .0004). Within 24 months, the progression rate was significantly higher for patients with an elevated PCPI (49% vs. 20%; P < .0001). PCPI is a valuable tool in risk stratifying patients with SMM and identifies patients with earlier progression who may benefit from closer follow-up and consideration of early intervention trials.

AbstractPositron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) can identify bony lesions, assess disease burden, and detect extramedullary disease (EMD) in patients with multiple myeloma. We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who underwent PET‐CT within 60 days of a new diagnosis (before therapy commenced) to identify the nature and prognostic impact of PET‐CT abnormalities. Patients (N = 313) were seen from April 2005 through June 2017. Of the 234 patients (75%) with focal lesions (FLs), 182 (58%) had at least 3 FLs, 38 (12%) had EMD, and 204 (65%) had documented myelomatous lytic lesions. The median maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for the entire cohort was 5.9 (range 1.5‐48.3). Presence of at least 3 FLs and EMD predicted inferior overall survival (OS); median OS was 57.8 months for patients with 3 or more FLs and 103.6 months for patients with fewer than 3 FLs (P = .003). The median OS was 45.5 and 71.8 months for patients with and without EMD, respectively (P = .004). No clear SUVmax cutoff was predictive of progression‐free survival or OS. PET‐CT is a valuable tool for assessing disease burden and could provide prognostic information about a contemporary cohort of patients with newly diagnosed myeloma who received treatment with novel agents.

e19532 Background: The diagnosis of amyloidosis requires histological confirmation of Congo-red (CR) deposits. The tissue source is preferably fat and/or bone marrow biopsy, but at times organ biopsy is required. Methods: We studied 612 patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis to characterize the tissues used to establish the diagnosis Results: The median number of tissue samples biopsied for CR staining was 3. Ninety-five percent of bone marrow (BM) biopsies were stained for CR, while 79% of patients had fat aspiration performed for CR staining. Overall, 76% of patients underwent both procedures. CR stain sensitivity was 69% in BM samples, 75% in fat aspiration and in 89% for both sources combined. CR stain sensitivity was 97-100% for heart, renal and liver biopsies. 42% of patients with renal involvement, 21% of patients with liver involvement and 13% of patients with heart involvement underwent organ biopsy, when a less invasive safer biopsy would have established the diagnosis. Predictors of need for organ biopsy were male sex, limited organ involvement and lack of fat aspiration (Table). Conclusions: Fat aspiration is underutilized for histologic confirmation of amyloidosis. Organ biopsies (particularly renal biopsies) were performed at a high rate, which represents a failure to recognize the disease (i.e. failure to screen with a light chain assay etc.). Early awareness of amyloidosis in the differential diagnosis of patients with organ dysfunction may lead to fewer unnecessary organ biopsies [Table: see text]

e19530 Background: Neuropathy is a universal symptom of patients with POEMS syndrome, which makes the use of bortezomib less appealing. However, proteasome inhibitors (PIs) can provide rapid and deep hematologic responses in plasma cell disorders. Because there is very little data regarding the use PIs in POEMS syndrome, we performed a study of patients with POEMS syndrome treated with PIs. Methods: Among the 167 patients with POEMS syndrome seen at our institution between 2001-2016, we identified 12 patients who received a PI. One patient receiving < 1 cycle of bortezomib because of worsening neuropathy was included but was excluded from response analyses. One patient received 2 different PIs at separate points during the disease course and each course was considered separately. Four response categories were considered: hematologic, PET, VEGF and clinical as previously described (Dispenzieri et. al AJH 2015). Results: Among the 12 patients who received 13 courses of therapy, the median age at PI initiation was 59; 8 patients were male. Median number of prior therapies was 1 (0-4) and median time from diagnosis to initiation of PI was 75 months. Excluding steroids, regimens were as follows: bortezomib, n=3; bortezomib and cyclophosphamide, n=4; carfilzomib, n=1; and ixazomib, n=1. With a median follow-up from PI initiation of 18 months, the median duration of treatment was 7 months (1-18). Three patients achieved a hematologic CR. Of 6 patients with an abnormal baseline VEGF, 3 achieved normalization VEGF levels. Of 5 patients with an abnormal baseline PET, 2 achieved normalization of their PET. Two patients had improvement of their neuropathy, with the rest having stable symptoms. Of 9 patients with fluid overload, 8 improved. Only 2 patients stopped therapy due to worsening neuropathy related to PIs. Median PFS and OS from initiation of PI were 50 months and 53 months, respectively. Conclusions: We show that PI use in patients with POEMS syndrome can be safe and effective. Nearly 75% of patients treated with bortezomib had no exacerbation of their neuropathy. Clinical improvement in severe fluid overload symptoms (edema, ascites, pleural effusions) is almost universal, making PI-based therapy an attractive potential option in these patients.