Citations

ABSTRACTWe report an unusual case of extraintestinal infection with adultEnterobius vermicularisworms in the nares and ocular orbit of a 14-year-old girl in Illinois. Only one other similar case has been reported in the English-language literature.

ABSTRACT Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum are dimorphic fungi that often cause self-limited respiratory infections. However, they may also cause severe disseminated disease, depending on the level of the exposure to the organism and the host immune status. In addition, patients with infections caused by these fungi may have very similar clinical presentations. Although microbiologic culture is a standard method for detecting these pathogens, their recovery may require days to weeks, and the manipulation of cultures presents a significant safety hazard to laboratory personnel. Therefore, the goal of this study was to design a rapid, real-time PCR assay to detect and differentiate B. dermatitidis and H. capsulatum from culture isolates and directly from clinical specimens. Primers and fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes were designed to target the histidine kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes of B. dermatitidis and H. capsulatum , respectively. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 100 copies/μl for both fungi. From culture isolates, the assay demonstrated 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity for B. dermatitidis and 100% specificity and 94% sensitivity for H. capsulatum . Detection directly from 797 clinical specimens demonstrated specificities and sensitivities of 99% and 86% for B. dermatitidis and 100% and 73% for H. capsulatum compared with the results for culture. This real-time PCR assay provides a rapid method for the detection of B. dermatitidis and H. capsulatum from culture isolates and directly from clinical specimens.

ABSTRACT The SLOMYCO Sensititre panel and the custom JustOne strip (both from TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH) were evaluated for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates against clarithromycin. Seventy-one archived and prospectively collected isolates were tested using both the SLOMYCO panel and the JustOne strip, and the results were compared to those obtained using the BACTEC 460 (BD, Sparks, MD) radiometric method and a broth microdilution reference method. Results obtained by the SLOMYCO panel and the JustOne strip agreed with the BACTEC 460 method for 64/71 isolates (90%). Similarly, concordance with the broth microdilution method was 40/43 isolates (93%) for both test systems. The effect of the source medium on inoculum preparation was evaluated, and there were no differences noted in MICs, regardless of whether the inoculum was prepared from isolates grown in Middlebrook 7H9 medium, on Middlebrook 7H10 agar, or in VersaTREK broth culture bottles (Trek Diagnostics). Clarithromycin susceptibility testing of MAC using the SLOMYCO panel and the JustOne strip methods is easy to set up and simple to read and is readily incorporate into the clinical laboratory. These systems offer advantages over the BACTEC 460 system including the lack of a need for radioactive substrates, sharps, or costly instrumentation.

ABSTRACT No significantly discordant results were observed between the Abbott RealTi m e HIV-1 assay and the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test (CTM) among 1,190 unique clinical plasma specimens obtained from laboratories located in 40 states representing all nine U.S. geographic regions and previously yielding “target not detected” results by CTM.

The mitochondrial enzyme, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), is essential for energy metabolism across eukaryotes. Here, conditions known to destabilize the DLD homodimer enabled the mouse, pig, or human enzyme to function as a protease. A catalytic dyad (S456–E431) buried at the homodimer interface was identified. Serine protease inhibitors and an S456A or an E431A point mutation abolished the proteolytic activity, whereas other point mutations at the homodimer interface domain enhanced the proteolytic activity, causing partial or complete loss of DLD activity. In humans, mutations in the DLD homodimer interface have been linked to an atypical form of DLD deficiency. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which certain DLD mutations can simultaneously induce the loss of a primary metabolic activity and the gain of a moonlighting proteolytic activity. The latter could contribute to the metabolic derangement associated with DLD deficiency and represent a target for therapies of this condition.