Mayo Clinic - AuthorCitation

Intractable Epilepsy and Progressive Cognitive Decline in a Young Man

Cohen, Alexander L. , Jones, Lyell K. , Parisi, Joseph E. , Klaas, James P. , Jones, Lyell K , Cohen, Alexander

JAMA Neurology | April 7, 2017 | Volume: 74 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 737

10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3195 | PMID 28384730

TNFα enhances force generation in airway smooth muscle

Doğan, Murat , Han, Young‐Soo , Delmotte, P. , Sieck, Gary C. , Delmotte, Philippe , Han, Young-Soo, Sieck, Gary

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology | April 6, 2017 | Volume: 312 | Issue: 6 | Pages: L994-L1002

10.1152/ajplung.00550.2016 | PMID 28385814

Airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma, triggering airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperreactivity and airway remodeling. TNFα increases both agonist-induced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) and force in ASM. The effects of TNFα on ASM force may also be due to an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity, cytoskeletal remodeling, and/or changes in contractile protein content. We hypothesized that 24 h of exposure to TNFα increases ASM force by changing actin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) content and/or polymerization. Porcine ASM strips were permeabilized with 10% Triton X-100, and force was measured in response to increasing concentrations of Ca2+ (pCa 9.0 to 4.0) in control and TNFα-treated groups. Relative phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain (p-MLC) and total actin, MLC, and MyHC concentrations were quantified at pCa 9.0, 6.1, and 4.0. Actin polymerization was quantified by the ratio of filamentous to globular actin at pCa 9.0 and 4.0. For determination of total cross-bridge formation, isometric ATP hydrolysis rate at pCa 4.0 was measured using an enzyme-coupled NADH-linked fluorometric technique. Exposure to TNFα significantly increased force across the range of Ca2+ activation but did not affect the intrinsic Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation. The TNFα-induced increase in ASM force was associated with an increase in total actin, MLC, and MyHC content, as well as an increase in actin polymerization and an increase in maximum isometric ATP hydrolysis rate. The results of this study support our hypothesis that TNFα increases force generation in ASM by increasing the number of contractile units (actin-myosin content) contributing to force generation.

Effectiveness of Written and Oral Specialty Certification Examinations to Predict Actions against the Medical Licenses of Anesthesiologists

Culley, Deborah J. , Young, Aaron , Harman, Ann E., Zhou, Yan , Sun, Huaping, Warner, David O.

Anesthesiology | April 6, 2017 | Volume: 126 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 1171-1179

10.1097/aln.0000000000001623 | PMID 28383325

Abstract Background The American Board of Anesthesiology administers written and oral examinations for its primary certification. This retrospective cohort study tested the hypothesis that the risk of a disciplinary action against a physician’s medical license is lower in those who pass both examinations than those who pass only the written examination. Methods Physicians who entered anesthesiology training from 1971 to 2011 were followed up to 2014. License actions were ascertained via the Disciplinary Action Notification Service of the Federation of State Medical Boards. Results The incidence rate of license actions was relatively stable over the study period, with approximately 2 to 3 new cases per 1,000 person-years. In multivariable models, the risk of license actions was higher in men (hazard ratio = 1.88 [95% CI, 1.66 to 2.13]) and lower in international medical graduates (hazard ratio = 0.73 [95% CI, 0.66 to 0.81]). Compared with those passing both examinations on the first attempt, those passing neither examination (hazard ratio = 3.60 [95% CI, 3.14 to 4.13]) and those passing only the written examination (hazard ratio = 3.51 [95% CI, 2.87 to 4.29]) had an increased risk of receiving an action from a state medical board. The risk was no different between the latter two groups ( P = 0.81), showing that passing the oral but not the written primary certification examination is associated with a decreased risk of subsequent license actions. For those with residency performance information available, having at least one unsatisfactory training record independently increased the risk of license actions. Conclusions These findings support the concept that an oral examination assesses domains important to physician performance that are not fully captured in a written examination.

Hogen, Kristine L., Tindall, D. J., Young, Charles Y.F.

The Japanese Journal of Urology | April 6, 2017 | Volume: 86 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 427

10.5980/jpnjurol.86.427_2

Screening for Endocrine Hypertension: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Calhoun, David A. , Lenders, Jacques W.M. , Textor, Stephen C., Young, William F. , Stowasser, Michael

Endocrine Reviews | April 6, 2017 | Volume: 38 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 103-122

10.1210/er.2017-00054

Reduced Posterior Cingulate Mitochondrial Activity in Expired Young Adult Carriers of the APOE ε4 Allele, the Major Late-Onset Alzheimer's Susceptibility Gene

Valla, Jon, Yaari, R. , Wolf, Andrew B. , Kusne, Yael , Beach, Thomas G. , Roher, Alex E., Corneveaux, Jason J., Huentelman, Matthew J. , Caselli, Richard J. , Reiman, Eric M.

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | April 5, 2017 | Volume: 22 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 307-313

10.3233/jad-2010-100129 | PMID 20847408

Application of a Natural Language Processing Algorithm to Asthma Ascertainment. An Automated Chart Review

Sohn, Sunghwan , Rolfes, Mary , Seabright, Alicia, Ryu, Euijung , Voge, Gretchen A., Bachman, Kay, Park, Miguel A., Kita, Hirohito , Croghan, Ivana T. , Liu, Hongfang , Juhn, Young J. , Bachman, Kay A, Wi, Chung‐Il , Kita, H

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | April 4, 2017 | Volume: 196 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 430-437

10.1164/rccm.201610-2006oc | PMID 28375665

Abstract Rationale Difficulty of asthma ascertainment and its associated methodologic heterogeneity have created significant barriers to asthma care and research. Objectives We evaluated the validity of an existing natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for asthma criteria to enable an automated chart review using electronic medical records (EMRs). Methods The study was designed as a retrospective birth cohort study using a random sample of 500 subjects from the 1997–2007 Mayo Birth Cohort who were born at Mayo Clinic and enrolled in primary pediatric care at Mayo Clinic Rochester. Performance of NLP-based asthma ascertainment using predetermined asthma criteria was assessed by determining both criterion validity (chart review of EMRs by abstractor as a gold standard) and construct validity (association with known risk factors for asthma, such as allergic rhinitis). Measurements and Main Results After excluding three subjects whose respiratory symptoms could be attributed to other conditions (e.g., tracheomalacia), among the remaining eligible 497 subjects, 51% were male, 77% white persons, and the median age at last follow-up date was 11.5 years. The asthma prevalence was 31% in the study cohort. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for NLP algorithm in predicting asthma status were 97%, 95%, 90%, and 98%, respectively. The risk factors for asthma (e.g., allergic rhinitis) that were identified either by NLP or the abstractor were the same. Conclusions Asthma ascertainment through NLP should be considered in the era of EMRs because it can enable large-scale clinical studies in a more time-efficient manner and improve the recognition and care of childhood asthma in practice.

Genetic landscape of extreme responders with anaplastic oligodendroglioma

Holdhoff, Matthias , Cairncross, Gregory, Kollmeyer, Thomas M. , Werner‐Wasik, Maria, Souhami, Luís, Bahary, Jean-Paul , Kwok, Young , Hartford, Alan C. , Chakravarti, Arnab , Yegnasubramanian, Srinivasan , Vogelstein, Bert , Papadopoulos, Nickolas , Kinzler, Kenneth W. , Jenkins, Robert B. , Chakravarti, Arnab , Kollmeyer, Thomas , Zhang, Ming , Zhang, Peixin, Mehta, Minesh P. , Bettegowda, Chetan , Chakravarti, Arnab

Oncotarget | April 1, 2017 | Volume: 8 | Issue: 22 | Pages: 35523-35531

10.18632/oncotarget.16773 | PMID 28388591

Partners of young breast cancer survivors: A cross-sectional evaluation of psychosocial issues and mental health.

Borstelmann, Nancy A. , Rosenberg, Shoshana M. , Gelber, Shari , Meyer, Meghan E., Ruddy, Kathryn J. , Schapira, Lidia , Come, Steven E. , Maramaldi, Peter , Borges, Virginia F. , Cadet, Tamara , Partridge, Ann H.

Journal of Clinical Oncology | March 21, 2017 | Volume: 35 | Issue: 5_suppl | Pages: 184-184

10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.184

184 Background: While evidence of the challenges of cancer caregiving has been growing, scant research addresses the experience of partners of young adults with cancer. These individuals and their relationships may be particularly vulnerable to stress, especially when managing the complexity of cancer care and survivorship with their partner. We sought to evaluate psychosocial concerns and mental health in the partners of young survivors of early stage breast cancer (BC). Methods: We invited partners of young women w/BC diagnosed at age ≤ 40 yrs enrolled in a prospective cohort study to participate in a one-time survey evaluating psychosocial concerns including quality of life, coping, social support, financial insecurity, partnership concerns, parenting concerns, anxiety and depression. Logistic regression was used to explore predictors of anxiety (score > 8 on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). Results: Most respondents (284/289) were male, with median age 43 yrs (range 27-65). The median time of survey completion was 62 months (range 16 -114) after their partner’s dx. Respondents were mostly white (93%), working full time (94%), and college educated (78%); 29% reported some financial stress, 74% were parenting children < 18 yrs, and 32% reported at least a fair amount of relationship concern. 42% (106/250) had anxiety (39/289 respondents (13%) had incomplete/missing HADS). In univariable analyses, lower education, working full time, parenting concerns, insufficient social support and maladaptive coping were associated (p < .05) with anxiety. In the multivariable model, only maladaptive coping remained significantly associated with anxiety (p < .01, OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 1.22, 4.39)). Conclusions: Partners of young BC survivors who used less constructive/more maladaptive coping strategies experience negative mental health outcomes after tx has ended. Caregivers’ anxiety may have implications for both their own and survivors’ health and QOL. Future interventions might focus on the development of constructive coping strategies to enhance adjustment and role effectiveness in dealing with the impact of cancer.

Building a healthy body after cancer: Results of a focus group with young adult survivors to inform an intervention for exercise after treatment.

Asiedu, Gladys B. , Thompson, Carrie A. , Kimball, Brittany

Journal of Clinical Oncology | March 21, 2017 | Volume: 35 | Issue: 5_suppl | Pages: 164-164

10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.164

164 Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors have distinctive and often unmet needs, may lead long lives after treatment, and are a population for whom targeted health supports are limited. Exercise in particular has become increasingly recognized as a vital part of cancer survivors’ health needs, yet, little is known about what interventions would be most appropriate for this population. This ongoing study reports early data on barriers and facilitators to exercise in AYA lymphoma survivors. Methods: We conducted a focus group with five young adult lymphoma survivors. Participants completed questionnaires to assess quality of life, exercise habits, and knowledge about evidence for exercise after cancer treatment. Charts were abstracted for demographic and treatment-related details. The focus group was audio recorded and transcribed. Data is being analyzed thematically to generate applied findings and identify areas for action. Results: Participants were 24-35 years old, 60% male, and an average of 2.97 years from the time of diagnosis. All reported some form of physical activity, with 80% active and 20% moderately active. Preliminary analysis identified fatigue, weight gain, and lack of time as barriers to exercise. Participants identified fatigue particularly in the early survivorship period, and discussed the issue of non-cancer survivor peers not relating with or recognizing fatigue after treatment. 100% of participants reported that someone from their doctor’s office had talked with them about exercise, but indicated during the focus group that this recommendation did not motivate them to exercise. Other themes revolve around the relationship between healthy diet and physical activity. In terms of an intervention, survivors were interested in activity trackers and fitness apps, exercise variety, and fitness groups targeted specifically for AYA survivors. Conclusions: Fatigue, weight gain, and time are barriers to exercise for AYA survivors. Interventions that incorporate fitness tracking technology, provide variety, and/or include other AYA survivors may be successful in this unique population.

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