Farrell, Ann

SummaryBackgroundSubtotal or total colectomy or proctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy (TC‐PI) may be a treatment option for medically refractory colonic Crohn's disease (CD).AimTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the rate, risk factors and outcomes of CD recurrence after TC‐PI.MethodsIn a systematic review ending 31 March 2016, we identified 18 cohort studies (1438 adults) who underwent TC‐PI for colonic CD (median follow‐up, 7.4 years; interquartile range, 5.3–9.0). We estimated pooled rates [with 95% confidence interval (CI)] of clinical and surgical recurrence, and risk factors for disease recurrence.ResultsOn meta‐analysis, the risk of clinical recurrence after TC‐PI was 28.0% (95% CI, 21.7–35.3; 14 studies, 260/1004 patients), with a 5 and 10‐year median cumulative rate of 23.5% (range, 7–35) and 40% (range, 11–60) respectively. The risk of surgical recurrence was 16.0% (95% CI, 11.1–22.7; 10 studies; 183/1092 patients), with a 5 and 10‐year median cumulative rate of 10% (range, 3–29) and 18.5% (range, 14–34) respectively. The risk of clinical and surgical recurrence in patients without ileal disease at baseline was 11.5% (95% CI, 7.7–16.8) and 10.4% (95% CI, 4.5–22.5) respectively. History of ileal disease was associated with 3.2 times higher risk of disease recurrence (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.8–5.6). Other inconsistent risk factors for disease recurrence were penetrating disease and young age at disease onset.ConclusionsSmall bowel clinical recurrence occurs in about 28% of patients after total colectomy with permanent ileostomy for colonic Crohn's disease. Disease recurrence risk is 3.2 times higher in patients with history of ileal disease, and continued medical therapy may be advisable in this population. In patients without ileal inflammation at surgery, continued endoscopic surveillance may identify asymptomatic disease recurrence to guide therapy.

Objective: In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate methodological and reporting trends present in the current literature by investigating published usability studies of electronic health records (EHRs). Methods: A literature search was conducted for articles published through January 2015 using MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science, supplemented by citation and reference list reviews. Studies were included if they tested the usability of hospital and clinic EHR systems in the inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, or operating room setting. Results: A total of 4848 references were identified for title and abstract screening. Full text screening was performed for 197 articles, with 120 meeting the criteria for study inclusion. Conclusion: A review of the literature demonstrates a paucity of quality published studies describing scientifically valid and reproducible usability evaluations at various stages of EHR system development. A lack of formal and standardized reporting of EHR usability evaluation results is a major contributor to this knowledge gap, and efforts to improve this deficiency will be one step of moving the field of usability engineering forward.

BACKGROUNDWomen with benign breast disease (BBD) have an increased risk of developing breast cancer (BC). Nearly 30% of all BCs develop in women with prior BBD. Information regarding features of the expected number of BCs after BBD would enhance individualized surveillance and prevention strategies for these women. In the current study, the authors sought to characterize BCs developing in a large cohort of women with BBD.METHODSThe current study cohort included 13,485 women who underwent breast biopsy for mammographic or palpable concerns between 1967 and 2001. Biopsy slides were reviewed and classified as nonproliferative disease, proliferative disease without atypia, or atypical hyperplasia. BCs were identified by follow‐up questionnaires, medical records, and Tumor Registry data. BC tissues were obtained and reviewed.RESULTSWith median follow‐up of 15.8 years, 1273 women developed BC. The majority of BCs were invasive (81%), of which 61% were ductal, 13% were mixed ductal/lobular, and 14% were lobular. Approximately two‐thirds of the BC cases were intermediate or high grade, and 29% were lymph node positive. Cancer characteristics were similar across the 3 histologic categories of BBD, with a similar frequency of ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive disease, tumor size, time to invasive BC, histologic type of BC, lymph node positivity, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity. Women with atypical hyperplasia were found to have a higher frequency of estrogen receptor‐positive BC (91%) compared with women with proliferative disease without atypia (80%) or nonproliferative disease (85%) (P = .02).CONCLUSIONSA substantial percentage of all BCs develop in women with prior BBD. The majority of BCs after BBD are invasive tumors of ductal type, with a substantial number demonstrating lymph node positivity. Of all the BCs in the current study, 84% were estrogen receptor positive. Prevention therapy should be strongly encouraged in higher‐risk women with BBD. Cancer 2016;122:378–385. © 2015 American Cancer Society.

SummaryBackgroundTemporary faecal diversion is sometimes used for management of refractory perianal Crohn's disease (CD) with variable success.AimsTo perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis to evaluate the effectiveness, long‐term outcomes and factors associated with success of temporary faecal diversion for perianal CD.MethodsThrough a systematic literature review through 15 July 2015, we identified 16 cohort studies (556 patients) reporting outcomes after temporary faecal diversion. We estimated pooled rates [with 95% confidence interval (CI)] of early clinical response, attempted and successful restoration of bowel continuity after temporary faecal diversion (without symptomatic relapse), and rates of re‐diversion (in patients with attempted restoration) and proctectomy (with or without colectomy and end‐ileostomy). We identified factors associated with successful restoration of bowel continuity.ResultsOn meta‐analysis, 63.8% (95% CI: 54.1–72.5) of patients had early clinical response after faecal diversion for refractory perianal CD. Restoration of bowel continuity was attempted in 34.5% (95% CI: 27.0–42.8) of patients, and was successful in only 16.6% (95% CI: 11.8–22.9). Of those in whom restoration was attempted, 26.5% (95% CI: 14.1–44.2) required re‐diversion because of severe relapse. Overall, 41.6% (95% CI: 32.6–51.2) of patients required proctectomy after failure of temporary faecal diversion. There was no difference in the successful restoration of bowel continuity after temporary faecal diversion in the pre‐biological or biological era (13.7% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.60), in part due to selection bias. Absence of rectal involvement was the most consistent factor associated with restoration of bowel continuity.ConclusionsTemporary faecal diversion may improve symptoms in approximately two‐thirds of patients with refractory perianal Crohn's disease, but bowel restoration is successful in only 17% of patients.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) is a recently described breast lesion that may coexist with cancer or atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). Currently, there is no consensus on whether to surgically excise FEA diagnosed by core needle biopsy. Our aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of pertinent studies to determine the frequency of upgrade to cancer or ADH at surgical excision of "pure" FEA (no other high risk lesion on core biopsy). METHODS: A retrospective search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases from 1/2003- 4/2014 to capture studies on core biopsy diagnosed FEA followed by surgical excision. Search terms were: FEA, flat epithelial atypia, DIN1A, columnar cell, breast diseases, core needle biopsy. Inclusion criteria were: 1) manuscript with original data on FEA diagnosed on core needle biopsy, 2) data included outcome of cancer at surgical excision, 3) English Language. RESULTS: Of 224 articles, 30 met inclusion criteria. StudyTotal Pure FEA cases%N excisedN upgraded to cancer% upgradedLim, 2006862.55120Kunju 20071485.712325Martel 20076338.124938Piubello, 20093360.62000Chivukula, 20093989.735514Senneta,20094187.83600Hayes, 200981008113Davashian, 20091210012217Tamasino, 20095444.424313Noske, 20104369.83027Lee, 20101546.77114Ingegnoli, 20101883.315320Noel, 20106232.32000Flegg, 2010NANA5240Sohn, 20113666.72428Lavoue, 20116010060813Rakha, 20112410024521Soloranzo,20113384.828414Verschuur-Maes, 20116934.824938Peres, 201212879.71021010Uzoaru, 201214565.69533Bianchi, 2012190100190189Biggar, 2012511005136Yamaguchi, 20121747.18113Polom, 20122010020210Khoumais, 201310490.4941011Villa, 201314285.212176Becker, 201330378.9239104Ceugnart, 20136382.55236Uzan, 2013351003500 Across 1420 patients with pure FEA in 30 studies, observed proportions with upgrade to cancer varied from 0-40% with a pooled estimate of 11% (95% CI: 8-15%) using a random effects model. Test for heterogeneity was statistically significant (p < 0.0001, I2 statistic=58%). After excluding 7 studies with <50% (or unreported %) of all FEA cases excised, heterogeneity decreased (p=0.07, I2=32%) and the pooled estimate of cancer upgrade was 9% (95% CI: 7-12%). For upgrade to ADH, 693 subjects with pure FEA were analyzed from 21 studies. The percent upgraded to ADH ranged from 0-60% with significant heterogeneity (p < 0.0001, I2 = 64%). Excluding 4 studies with <50% of FEA cases excised did not improve heterogeneity (p < 0.0001 and I2 = 66%). The random effects model pooled estimate of upgrade to ADH was 16% (95% CI: 11-23%) for the 21 studies and 17% (95% CI: 12-25%) for the subset of 17 studies. CONCLUSION: The pooled upgrade rate of FEA to cancer was 9-11% and upgrade to ADH was 16-17%. For patients with FEA on core needle biopsy, surgical excision should be strongly considered. Citation Format: Anatoliy V Rudin, Hoskin L Tanya, Ann M Farrell, Amy C Degnim. Flat epithelial atypia on core biopsy and upgrade to cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-06.