Mayo, Angela

SummarySixty‐four transplant‐eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) received carfilzomib (days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16), 300 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide (days 1, 8, 15), 100 mg thalidomide (days 1–28) and 40 mg dexamethasone (days 1, 8, 15, 22) in 28‐day cycles (CYKLONE regimen). Carfilzomib was dose‐escalated to 15/20, 20/27, 20/36 and 20/45 mg/m2 to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), which was 20/36 mg/m2. Regardless of attribution, common Grade 3 or higher adverse events were lymphopenia (38%), neutropenia (23%) and anaemia (20%). All peripheral neuropathy (31%) was Grade 1 and considered most likely to be thalidomide‐related. Common cardiac or pulmonary events of any grade in ≥5% of patients included dyspnoea (20%) and cough (6%). Overall (N = 64), 91% of patients achieved a best response of partial response or better across all cycles of treatment, including five patients with complete responses. At the MTD (n = 29), 59% of patients achieved a very good partial response or better after four cycles (primary end point). Stem cell collection was successful in all patients in whom it was attempted (n = 42). Progression‐free survival and overall survival at 24 months was 76% and 96%, respectively (median follow‐up of 17·5 months). CYKLONE appears highly efficacious in NDMM patients, with manageable toxicities.