Chewcharat, Api

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this meta‐analysis of observational studies was to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of febuxostat in treating hyperuricemia among kidney transplant patients.MethodsWe conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1960 to July 2019 to identify studies that investigated the effects of febuxostat in kidney transplant patients on uric acid as well as safety profiles including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin level (Hb), white blood cell counts (WBC), liver enzymes, and trough level of tacrolimus.ResultsSeven observational studies with 367 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. Compared with allopurinol, the febuxostat group demonstrated a higher odds of achieving target uric acid levels lower than 6 mg/dL within 12 months (OR = 2.9, P = .004). However, there was no statistical difference in change of uric acid (WMD = −1.0 mg/dL/y, P = .32) and change in allograft eGFR within a year (WMD = 0.01 mL/min/1.73 m2/y, P = .98) between febuxostat and allopurinol. Regarding safety profiles, there were no statistical differences in eGFR, Hb, WBC, liver enzymes (AST, ALT), and trough level of tacrolimus between baseline and at the study end. Only one study reported suspected graft loss among febuxostat group.ConclusionAmong kidney transplant patients, treating hyperuricemia with febuxostat showed a higher odds of reaching the target of serum uric acid < 6 mg/dL compared with allopurinol without causing significant side effects including change in tacrolimus level, liver function, decline in renal graft function, and bone marrow function.

Background: Goodpasture’s syndrome is a rare, life-threatening, small vessel vasculitis. Given its rarity, data on its inpatient burden and resource utilization are lacking. We conducted this study aiming to assess inpatient prevalence, mortality, and resource utilization of Goodpasture’s syndrome in the United States. Methods: The 2003–2014 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients with a principal diagnosis of Goodpasture’s syndrome. The inpatient prevalence, clinical characteristics, in-hospital treatment, end-organ failure, mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization cost were studied. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 964 patients were admitted in hospital with Goodpasture’s syndrome as the principal diagnosis, accounting for an overall inpatient prevalence of Goodpasture’s syndrome among hospitalized patients in the United States of 10.3 cases per 1,000,000 admissions. The mean age of patients was 54 ± 21 years, and 47% were female; 52% required renal replacement therapy, whereas 39% received plasmapheresis during hospitalization. Furthermore, 78% had end-organ failure, with renal failure and respiratory failure being the two most common end-organ failures. The in-hospital mortality rate was 7.7 per 100 admissions. The factors associated with increased in-hospital mortality were age older than 70 years, sepsis, the development of respiratory failure, circulatory failure, renal failure, and liver failure, whereas the factors associated with decreased in-hospital mortality were more recent year of hospitalization and the use of therapeutic plasmapheresis. The median length of hospital stay was 10 days. The median hospitalization cost was $75,831. Conclusion: The inpatient prevalence of Goodpasture’s syndrome in the United States is 10.3 cases per 1,000,000 admissions. Hospitalization of patients with Goodpasture’s syndrome was associated with high hospital inpatient utilization and costs.

AbstractCurrently, the data on independent risk factors for the progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with CKD are limited. This study aimed to investigate CKD progression in T2DM patients who have reduced kidney function with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRs) between 15 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m2. This study was composed of a nationwide retrospective cohort of adult T2DM patients from 831 public hospitals in Thailand during the year 2015. T2DM patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 were followed up, until development of CKD stage 5, requirement of chronic dialysis, loss to follow‐up, death, or 31 May 2018, whichever came first. Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized for analysis. A total of 8464 participants were included; 30.4% were male. The mean age was 69 ± 10 years. The mean eGFR was 45 ± 11 mL/min/1.73 m2. The incidence of CKD stage 5 or the need for chronic dialysis was 16.4 per 1000 person‐years. The annual rate of eGFR decline during a mean follow‐up of 29 months was −2.3 mL/min/1.73 m2; 14.4% had a rapid decline in eGFR. The risk factors associated with progression to CKD stage 5 or the need for chronic dialysis were diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, serum uric acid, albuminuria, and baseline eGFR. Conversely, older age and the use of renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system blockade were associated with decreased risks for rapid CKD progression and incidence CKD stage 5 or dialysis. This study identifies multiple predictive risk factors that support a multifaceted approach to prevent progression of advanced CKD.

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess the association between alterations in serum chloride levels during hospitalisation and mortality.MethodsWe reviewed all adult patients admitted to our hospital from the year 2009 to 2013, who had at least two serum chloride measurements during hospitalisation. The serum chloride change during hospitalisation, defined as the absolute difference between the highest and lowest serum chloride levels, was categorised into seven groups; 0–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, 11–12 and ≥13 mEq/L. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the independent association between serum chloride change and in-hospital mortality, using the serum chloride change of 0–2 mEq/L as the reference group.ResultsA total of 57 880 patients, with median serum chloride change of 5 (IQR 3–9) mEq/L, were studied. The in-hospital mortality was progressively increased with larger chloride change, from 0.6% in group of 0–2 mEq/L to 5.9% in group of ≥13 mEq/L (p&lt;0.001). In adjusted analysis, serum chloride change of ≥7 mEq/L was significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality. For upward trend, serum chloride change of ≥3 mEq/L was significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality, whereas, for downward trend, serum chloride change was not consistently associated with in-hospital mortality.ConclusionAlterations in serum chloride during hospitalisation were associated with increased hospital mortality. The association was more prominent with upward than downward trend of serum chloride.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to assess the association between admission serum albumin and short- and long-term mortality in all hospitalized patients. Design A single-center cohort study. Methods A retrospective cohort of all adult hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral hospital between January 2009 and December 2013 were analysed. Admission serum albumin was stratified into six groups: ≤2.4, 2.5–2.9, 3.0–3.4, 3.5–3.9, 4.0–4.4 and ≥4.5 g/dl. The outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay and 1-year mortality. Serum albumin of 4–4.4 g/dl was selected as a reference group for outcome comparison. Results A total of 14 075 patients were studied. Admission serum albumin of ≥4.5 g/dl had the lowest in-hospital and 1-year mortality with progressively increased in-hospital mortality observed with decreased admission serum albumin. In adjusted analysis, compared with serum albumin of 4.0–4.4 g/dl, serum albumin of ≤2.4, 2.5–2.9, 3.0–3.4 and 3.5–3.9 were significantly associated with increased in-hospital and 1-year mortality. In contrast, serum albumin of ≥4.5 g/dl was significantly associated with lower 1-year mortality but not in-hospital mortality. Admission serum albumin &lt;4.0 g/dl was significantly associated with a prolonged hospital stay, while admission serum albumin of ≥4.5 g/dl was significantly associated with shorter hospital stay, compared with serum albumin of 4.0–4.4 g/dl. Conclusion Low albumin level at admission was progressively associated with increased short- and long-term mortality in all hospitalized patients even when albumin level was considered in normal range.

Background: The incidence and mortality of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after kidney transplantation (KTx) remain unclear. This study’s aims were (1) to investigate the pooled incidence/incidence trends, and (2) to assess the mortality/mortality trends in KTx patients with RCC. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from inception through October 2018. Studies that reported the incidence or mortality of RCC among kidney transplant recipients were included. The pooled incidence and 95% CI were calculated using a random-effect model. The protocol for this meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO; no. CRD42018108994. Results: A total of 22 observational studies with a total of 320,190 KTx patients were enrolled. Overall, the pooled estimated incidence of RCC after KTx was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.5–0.8%, I2 = 93%). While the pooled estimated incidence of de novo RCC in the native kidney was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.6–0.9%, I2 = 88%), the pooled estimated incidence of RCC in the allograft kidney was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1–0.4%, I2 = 64%). The pooled estimated mortality rate in KTx recipients with RCC was 15.0% (95% CI: 7.4–28.1%, I2 = 80%) at a mean follow-up time of 42 months after RCC diagnosis. While meta-regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between year of study and incidence of de novo RCC post-KTx (slopes = −0.05, p = 0.01), there were no significant correlations between the year of study and mortality of patients with RCC (p = 0.50). Egger’s regression asymmetry test was performed and showed no publication bias in all analyses. Conclusions: The overall estimated incidence of RCC after KTX was 0.7%. Although there has been a potential decrease in the incidence of RCC post-KTx, mortality in KTx patients with RCC has not decreased over time.