Arya, Yajur

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for a smaller percentage of lung cancer cases, it has remained a significant contributor to the overall mortality burden because of its inherently aggressive nature. Over several years, and until recently, there have been no major breakthroughs in the management of SCLC. Concurrent chemoradiation with platinum doublet chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment in limited-stage disease, with chemotherapy being the main and only treatment in extensive stage. Despite having an initial good response to those treatments in most patients, progression of cancer has been nearly inevitable, with no additional effective therapeutic options, and the majority of patients with SCLC dying of their disease. Fortunately, the last decade has witnessed some major scientific advances addressing the huge unmet needs in the realm of SCLC management and ushered in renewed hope in the lung cancer community. From approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and lurbinectedin, a newer chemotherapy agent, to novel immunotherapies such as tarlatamab, a DLL3-CD3 bispecific T-cell engager, and other upcoming promising drugs, the therapeutic armamentarium for SCLC is steadily expanding. In this study, we review the current landscape of both systemic therapy as well as radiation therapy for SCLC, with a focus on major developments over the past decade, current standards of care, and novel therapeutics that are expected to revolutionize the treatment of this aggressive malignancy.

e20595 Background: Circadian regulation of immune function has been proposed as a modifier of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy, with retrospective studies suggesting improved outcomes with earlier infusion timing. Whether these findings translate to routine oncology practice, where ICIs are administered across multiple lines, frequently combined with chemotherapy, and subject to treatment interruptions, remains uncertain. We evaluated the association between ICI infusion timing and overall survival (OS) in a real-world cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A retrospective cohort study included adults with NSCLC who received at least one line of ICI therapy at a community oncology center between January 2018 and December 2024. Infusion timing was defined at the patient level as morning-only ( < 1300 hours), evening-only (≥1300 hours), or mixed timing, reflecting receipt of infusions exclusively in different time-of-day categories across treatment lines. OS was measured from diagnosis to death or last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used. Multivariable analyses adjusted for stage, ECOG performance status, body mass index, and premature ICI discontinuation. Line of therapy was excluded due to collinearity with mixed-timing classification and risk of immortal time bias. Results: A total of 127 patients were included (morning-only n = 77; mixed timing n = 36; evening-only n = 14). Staging data were available for 99.2%, and 94 deaths occurred. Median OS was 495 days for morning-only, 850 days for mixed timing, and 388 days for evening-only patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no statistically significant OS differences across groups. In sensitivity analysis excluding patients with mixed infusion timing, morning-only and evening-only groups demonstrated overlapping survival curves, with no evidence of a time-of-day–specific survival advantage. In univariate analysis, mixed timing was associated with a borderline reduction in mortality compared with morning-only infusions (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39-1.00), while evening-only timing was not (HR 1.63, 95% CI 0.85-3.16). In multivariate analysis restricted to stage III-IV disease, infusion timing was not independently associated with OS. ECOG performance status, premature ICI discontinuation and advanced staging were the strongest predictors of mortality. Conclusions: In this real-world NSCLC cohort, ICI infusion timing was not independently associated with overall survival after adjustment for patient fitness and treatment continuity. These findings suggest that in pragmatic settings, clinical factors may outweigh subtle chronotherapy effects reported in more selected populations.

e19537 Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a paradigm shifting modality for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Yet national scale delineation of immune effector toxicities, cardiopulmonary and renal sequelae, and economic burden across demographic and payer strata has not been adequately characterized. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (2018–2022) was queried to identify adult MM hospitalizations receiving CAR T through ICD-10-PCS codes. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) [all grades - 2021–2022], immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) [all grades – 2022], cardiac events and infections were identified through ICD-10 codes. Age was stratified into 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, >81 years. Payer groups were Medicare, Medicaid, Private and Uninsured. Races were White, African American, Hispanic and others [Pacific Islanders, Native Indians, Asians]. Chi-square analysis was performed and multivariate regression adjusted for demographics, comorbidities and hospital characteristics. Results: Across >7,000 weighted hospitalizations, mortality, any grade CRS and ICANS were statistically similar across age, race, and payer (p>0.05). However, CRS was numerically higher in Hispanic patients (78.6%) than in White (63.2%), African American (68.1%), and other minor races (60.0%) (p=0.339). ICANS grade 4 was numerically higher in Hispanic (5.3%) versus White (0.8%) (p=0.278). Mortality was numerically highest in other minor races (9.5%) versus White (3.6%), Hispanic (2.8%), and African American (0.0%) (p=0.179). Age-stratified analyses showed significant heterogeneity in arrhythmias (22.2% [21–40 years] to 28.6% [≥81 years]; p=0.021), attenuating after adjustment. By race, arrhythmias ranged from 8.3% (Hispanic) to 25.0% (White) (p=0.113). Other cardiac events including myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiogenic shock were similar across groups. Payer stratified pneumonia varied (p=0.010) with uninsured 23.8% versus Private 5.1%, Medicare 7.3%, and Medicaid 6.4%, without persistence in adjusted models. Sepsis and septic shock rates showed no differences. Hispanic patients had higher adjusted costs versus White (Odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 1.04–1.7; p=0.023). Age-stratified costs differed (p=0.032), with elevated cost in ≥81 years (USD 394,617) versus 21–40 (USD 229,862), 41–60 (USD 214,974), and 61–80 (USD 269,844) but it was not significant in adjusted analysis. Conclusions: In this national cohort, CRS, ICANS and mortality were broadly stable across strata, while cardiac events displayed select divergences with elevated rates of arrhythmias among the elderly population suggesting robust cardiac surveillance in these patients. Cost differentials were evident with higher costs among Hispanic and elderly patients warranting validation in larger, prospectively harmonized datasets.

e19536 Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may impair physiologic resilience during chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). While cytokine response syndrome (CRS) and immune cell-associated neurotoxicity syndromes (ICANS) have been described in MM CAR-T recipients with CKD, the broader cardiopulmonary, infectious, renal, and economic implications of CKD remain insufficiently defined. We examined the national impact of CKD on mortality, immune cell effector toxicities, organ dysfunction, infections and resource utilization. Methods: Adult MM hospitalizations receiving CAR T-cell therapy were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (2018–2022) using ICD-10-PCS codes. Patients with ESRD were excluded. CKD was categorized as CKD3a+ (eGFR <60 mL/min) versus no CKD/CKD1–2. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, CRS (2021–2022), ICANS (2022), cardiac arrhythmias, acute kidney injury (AKI), renal replacement therapy, respiratory failure, infections and total hospitalization cost (calculated using TOTCHG variable and adjusted cost to charge ratio). Comparative analysis was done using chi-square testing. Multivariate analysis adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. Results: Among 2,045 weighted MM CAR-T hospitalizations, 7.6% had CKD3a+. Overall CRS rates were similar (66.7% vs 64.9%; p=0.839) between CKD3a+ vs no/CKD1-2. Overall ICANS rates were also comparable (16.7% vs 17.3%; p=0.941). Differences in CRS/ICANS grades were not significant. CKD3a+ patients experienced sharply higher AKI (58.1% vs 13.0%; p<0.001; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 9.2, p<0.001). Renal replacement therapy was more frequent in CKD3a+ but non-significant (3.2% vs 0.8%; p=0.196). Acute respiratory failure was more frequent (9.7% vs 2.9%; p=0.045) in patients with CKD. Cardiac arrhythmias were numerically higher but non-significant (25.8% vs 20.6%; p=0.527; adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.4–4.9; p=0.673). Infections were amplified, including gram-negative bacteremia (3.2% vs 0.3%; p=0.026), sepsis (9.7% vs 2.6%; p=0.040), and septic shock (3.2% vs 0.3%; p=0.027) in patients with CKD. Inpatient mortality was numerically higher (6.5% vs 1.9%; p=0.101), though nonsignificant after adjustment (OR 6.9; p=0.319). Hospital costs were substantially higher in CKD3a+ (USD 346,769 vs 239,175; p=0.006), though not significant in adjusted models (OR 1.3; p=0.120). Conclusions: CKD3a+ is associated with markedly increased AKI, higher respiratory failure and infections, with a trend towards higher hospitalization costs. Inpatient mortality, CRS and ICANS rates were similar. CKD3a+ represents a significant vulnerability that amplifies downstream complications in MM CAR-T recipients, warranting enhanced pre-treatment risk stratification, infection surveillance and renal-preserving strategies.

e19054 Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may potentiate toxicity and impair organ resilience in recipients of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). While cytokine response syndrome (CRS) and immune cell effector neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) have been reported with CKD, the cardiac, infectious, and economic sequelae are insufficiently described. We evaluated these outcomes across CKD strata from a national database. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample (2017–2022), we identified adult DLBCL hospitalizations receiving CAR T-cell therapy. ESRD patients were excluded. CKD was examined in two frameworks: CKD3a+ (eGFR <60 mL/min) versus no/CKD1–2, and CKD3b+ (eGFR <45 mL/min) versus no–CKD3a. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, CRS (2021–2022), ICANS (2022), cardiac events, infections, acute kidney injury (AKI), renal replacement therapy and total hospitalization costs (calculated using TOTCHG variable and adjusted cost to charge ratio) and comparative analyses was done using chi-square testing. Multivariable models adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. Results: In a cohort of 5,400 hospitalized DLBCL patients receiving CAR-T, those with CKD stage 3a or higher (CKD3a+; n=165; 3.1%) had higher rates of AKI (33.3% vs 11.6%; p<0.001) and renal replacement therapy (6.1% vs 1.4%; p=0.040) compared to no/CKD1–2 (n=5,235. Total hospitalization cost was higher (USD 456,198 vs 365,182; p=0.024) and grade 4 ICANS occurred more frequently (10.0% vs 1.4%; p=0.046). Mortality (6.1% vs 2.8%; p=0.259), pneumonia (12.1% vs 6.1%; p=0.246) and cardiac arrhythmias (33.3% vs 21.2%; p=0.094) were increased numerically. After multivariable adjustment, most differences diminished (mortality odds ratio [OR] 1.8, p=0.617; AKI OR 1.2, p=0.735). Among patients with CKD stage 3b or higher (CKD3b+; n=80; 1.5%), complications were more pronounced. In-hospital mortality was substantially higher (12.5% vs 2.7%; p=0.017), along with grade 4 CRS (7.7% vs 1.0%; p=0.011), acute myocardial infarction (6.3% vs 0.7%; p=0.007) and AKI (50.0% vs 11.7%; p<0.001). The cost of hospitalization (USD 446,074 vs 366,826; p=0.197) trended higher. Adjusted models confirmed markedly increased mortality (OR 10.2, 1.5–67.8; p=0.016) but other outcomes were not significant. Conclusions: CKD3b+ is associated with substantially higher mortality with signal of augmented high-grade CRS and cardiac events, whereas CKD3a+ exhibited worsening in renal outcomes and higher cost that attenuated after adjustment. These findings position pre-existing renal dysfunction especially CKD3b+ as a clinically salient risk substrate warranting pre-emptive risk stratification, vigilant cardiac monitoring and proactive organ-support pathways to mitigate downstream morbidity and mortality.

e17134 Background: Despite being the most prevalent malignancy among men, prostate cancer (PC) lacks FDA-approved primary prevention therapies. Current options, such as 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), offer only modest risk reduction—approximately 23–25%—as shown in the PCPT and REDUCE trials. Emerging preclinical data indicate that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may offer a novel alternative by inhibiting oncogenic pathways and inducing apoptosis in PC cell lines. To investigate this potential, we conducted the first real-world comparative analysis of PC incidence among high-risk men receiving GLP-1RAs versus 5-ARIs. Methods: Using the TriNetX global collaborative network (150M patients), we identified men with elevated PC risk (genetic risk, family history, or high-risk demographics/comorbidities). GLP-1RA users (cohort A) were propensity-score-matched 1:1 with 5-ARI users (cohort B) on demographics, metabolic comorbidities, baseline PSA, BMI and HbA1c. A minimum of 2 month’s prescription was required. The primary endpoint was incident PC. The secondary endpoint was adverse events related to GLP-1RA and 5-ARI. Patients with outcomes before the study inclusion were excluded. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed, adjusting for screening frequency and baseline BMI. Kaplan–Meier curves assessed cumulative incidence, Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CI), and logistic regression analyzed binary outcomes. Results: After matching, 118,904 high-risk men were identified (59,452 patients per cohort). Cohorts had comparable demographics with a mean age of 48 years, 77% White, 9% Black, and 2% Asian. GLP-1RA users had higher mean A1C (6.3% vs 5.7%) and BMI (38 vs 31), while 5-ARI users had higher mean PSA (3.1 vs 1.3). Median follow-up was 7 years for both cohorts. PC incidence was 2.10% (1,245/59,189) in GLP-1RAs users versus 2.85% (1,689/59,164) in 5-ARI users (NNT 133). GLP-1RAs were associated with a 20% reduction in PC risk (HR: 0.803; CI: 0.746–0.864). Safety outcomes showed that GLP-1RAs were associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction and nausea/vomiting. In contrast, GLP-1RAs were associated with lower risks of abdominal pain and constipation. No significant associations were observed for gynecomastia or diarrhea. Conclusions: In this large-scale, head-to-head comparison, GLP-1RAs demonstrated superior efficacy over 5-ARIs, providing a 20% relative risk reduction in PC incidence among high-risk men. Given the global surge in GLP-1RA utilization, these findings suggest a profound public health opportunity: the ability to achieve systemic oncologic protection through existing metabolic therapies. If validated by prospective trials, GLP-1RAs could transition from metabolic blockbusters to a cornerstone of precision oncology and primary cancer prevention.

e16488 Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) and ampullary adenocarcinoma (ampullary AC) are rare gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Treatment strategies are largely extrapolated from colorectal cancer, where oxaliplatin-based regimens are the most common first-line therapy in advanced disease. Although bevacizumab is considered safe in metastatic SBA, its efficacy remains unproven, and evidence is limited to small retrospective studies. We assessed the association of adding bevacizumab to FOLFOX with survival and toxicity in a large real-world cohort. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network (January 2000-December 2025), including data from 105 healthcare organizations. Adults (≥18 years) with SBA or ampullary AC treated with FOLFOX with or without bevacizumab were identified. Cohorts were propensity score-matched on age, sex, race, comorbidities, and metastatic sites. Outcomes included overall mortality, GI perforation, bleeding, venous thromboembolism (VTE), hospital admission, and emergency department (ED) visits. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used for time-to-event analyses. Results: After matching, 818 patients were included in each cohort. In the FOLFOX + bevacizumab cohort, mean age was 66.1 ± 12.0 years and 53.8% were male; 63.7% were White, 13.8% Black, 5.6% Asian, 12.0% Unknown/Other, and 4.4% Hispanic/Latino. Over a median follow-up of 13 months, FOLFOX + bevacizumab was associated with higher overall mortality compared with FOLFOX alone (55.3% vs 45.2%; HR 1.24 [95% CI 1.1-1.4]; p = 0.002) and shorter median OS (15.1 vs 19.5 months). Rates of GI perforation (15.5% vs 16.7%; HR 0.90 [95% CI 0.71-1.15]; p = 0.39), GI bleeding (13.1% vs 13.6%; HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.73-1.25]; p = 0.74), and VTE (19.1% vs 21.4%; HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.71-1.09]; p = 0.23) were similar between groups. Hospital admissions were higher in the FOLFOX + bevacizumab cohort (2.8% vs 1.3%; HR 2.1 [95% CI 1.0-4.3]; p = 0.04). Findings were consistent at 5-year follow-up. Conclusions: In this real-world cohort, the addition of bevacizumab to FOLFOX was not associated with improved survival and was associated with higher healthcare utilization. Prospective, disease-specific studies are needed to define its role in this population. Outcomes at median 13-month follow-up after propensity matching (FOLFOX + bevacizumab vs FOLFOX). Outcome % vs % HR p Overall mortality 55.3 vs 45.2 1.24 0.002 Hospital admission 2.8 vs 1.3 2.1 0.04 ED visit 45.2 vs 42.4 1.02 0.75 GI perforation 15.5 vs 16.7 0.90 0.39 GI bleeding 13.1 vs 13.6 0.96 0.74 VTE 19.1 vs 21.4 0.88 0.23

e16449 Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) carries a dismal 5-year survival of < 12%, and no FDA-approved agents exist for primary prevention. PC risk is strongly linked to obesity, diabetes, and chronic inflammation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) directly target obesity-driven inflammatory pathways, reduce metabolic stress, and modulate signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) that drive cancer apoptosis. Based on this biological rationale, we conducted the first large-scale real-world study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GLP-1RA for primary prevention of PC in high-risk patients. Methods: Leveraging a large real-world database (TriNetX), we identified patients aged 18-90 years with ≥1 PC risk factor (tobacco use, obesity, type 2 diabetes, alcohol use disorder, chronic pancreatitis, first-degree relative with PC, genetic susceptibility to PC) based on ICD-10 codes. Patients were stratified by GLP-1RA exposure into two cohorts: Cohort A (GLP-1RA users with ≥ 2 months of prescriptions) and Cohort B (controls). The primary endpoint was incident PC, and the secondary endpoints were adverse events related to GLP-1RAs. Patients with outcomes before the study window were excluded. Propensity score matching adjusted for confounders. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for categorical outcomes, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios for time-to-event outcomes. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to validate the strength of our results. Results: Median follow-up was 3,397 days for GLP-1RA users and 2,531 days for controls. Demographics were balanced between cohorts (mean age 42 years; 74% White, 15% Black; 72% female). Among 572,330 high-risk patients (286,165 per cohort), PC incidence was significantly lower among GLP-1RA users (0.05%; 134/286,165) than among non-users (0.13%; 362/286,097), with a 2.6-fold reduction in the absolute incidence of PC among high-risk patients (NNT of 1,255). GLP-1RA use was associated with a 71% reduction in PC incidence (HR 0.289; 95% CI 0.237–0.352). GLP-1RA use was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal adverse events, including nausea/vomiting (HR 1.108; 95% CI 1.096–1.121), abdominal pain (HR 1.081; 95% CI 1.066–1.097), diarrhea (HR 1.199; 95% CI 1.182–1.217), and constipation (HR 1.159; 95% CI 1.143–1.176). Conclusions: GLP-1RA use significantly reduced PC incidence by 71% in high-risk patients, the strongest real-world signal yet for a pharmacologic prevention of this lethal malignancy. Although the absolute incidence remained low, the magnitude of the risk reduction underscores the transformative potential of GLP-1RA in preventive oncology. These findings address a critical unmet need in pancreatic oncology. Prospective mechanistic and randomized studies are warranted to validate these associations.

9021 Background: An escape room is a team-based activity in which participants collaborate to solve puzzles within a fixed time limit and escape. Prior studies demonstrate high learner satisfaction and improved teamwork and communication with medical education escape rooms. To date, no published reports describe an escape room designed specifically for hematology/oncology (hem/onc) fellows. As part of Hem/Onc Curriculum, we designed and implemented a hem/onc-focused escape room and evaluated learner satisfaction and perceived learning impact. Methods: The escape room was designed using evidence-based learning science principles (Table 1). Teams worked to solve sequential puzzles, centered on a patient case, addressing key hem/onc concepts, including transfusion medicine, peripheral blood smears, lymphoma classification, and coagulation disorders. Each solved puzzle revealed additional patient laboratory and pathology data. Successful completion required teams to diagnose the patient and select appropriate treatment. Following the activity, teams participated in a facilitator-led debrief focused on team dynamics, communication, and problem solving. Teams observed each other and shared feedback. A larger group debrief co-led by chief fellows and faculty reviewed learning objectives and key takeaways. Learner outcomes were assessed using a post-activity survey evaluating satisfaction, engagement, and impact on learning. Results: Eighteen learners participated, including 14 hem/onc fellows, 1 APP hem/onc fellow, and 3 internal medicine residents. Three of four teams escaped within 1 hour (mean completion time, 52 minutes). All participants provided positive verbal feedback. Fifteen learners completed the post-activity survey, and all respondents reported satisfaction with the activity and would recommend it for future fellows. One-word descriptors included “engaging,” “fun,” and “challenging.” Most respondents (93.3%) agreed that the activity reinforced key hem/onc concepts and improved confidence in clinical problem-solving. All learners felt the activity supported learning, and 93.3% reported that collaboration enhanced the learning experience. Participants identified team-based problem solving, clinical application, and interactive puzzles as the most effective components. Conclusions: A hem/onc escape room resulted in high learner satisfaction and reinforced hem/onc knowledge and clinical problem-solving. This feasible, fun, and innovative activity complements traditional fellowship education by leveraging adult learning principles through gamified, team-based learning and should be incorporated into training programs’ curriculum. Learning science principles applied in a hem/onc escape room. Active Learning Belonging Contrasting Cases Debriefing Deliberate Practice Elaboration Generation Listening and Sharing Reward Worked Examples

7548 Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and emerging evidence suggests their benefits beyond glycemic control, including cardiovascular effects and potential anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Therapeutic advances in multiple myeloma (MM) have improved the overall life-expectancy in our patients. However, metabolic comorbidities remain common, likely driven by disease burden, functional decline, ongoing inflammation, and treatment related effects. Our study evaluates the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on outcomes in patients with MM, exploring potential interactions between metabolic modulation and disease outcomes. Methods: We conducted a real-world retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, covering January 2000 to December 2025, encompassing data from 168 global healthcare organizations. Patients aged 18 and above with multiple myeloma were identified and then stratified into two groups based on treatment with GLP-1 agonists or not. The two groups were then propensity-matched based on age, sex, race, and various comorbidities. We assessed outcomes including overall mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, sepsis, anemia, pancreatitis, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and ED visits. Time-to-event analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: We identified 1716 patients with MM and obesity who received GLP-1 receptor agonists, and 13,491 patients with MM and obesity who did not receive GLP-1 therapy. After propensity matching, each cohort consisted of 1712 patients with well-balanced baseline characteristics. We followed these patients for 5 years from treatment initiation. Patients with MM who received GLP-1 had a significantly lower risk of overall mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 0.423, 95% CI: 0.351-0.509, p-value <0.001), MI (Risk Difference [RD]: -3.6 %, 95% CI: -5.4 % to -1.7 %, p-value <0.001), ischemic stroke (RD: -1.7 %, 95% CI: -3.3 % to -0.1 %, p-value = 0.04), sepsis with and without shock (RD: -3.0 %, 95% CI: -4.9 % to -1.1 %, p-value = 0.002), and anemia (RD: -9.6 %, 95% CI: -12.9 % to -6.4 %, p-value <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of VTE, ED visits, and pancreatitis between the two cohorts. Conclusions: Our study revealed that patients with MM with obesity who received GLP-1 therapy had significantly lower rates of overall mortality, MI, ischemic stroke, sepsis with and without shock, and anemia. Additional longitudinal cohort studies are required to explore the associations between these agents and inform clinical practice guidelines in these patients.