Wszołek, Zbigniew K.

ABSTRACTBackground: Dysregulation of the specialized lipid metabolism involved in myelin synthesis and maintenance by oligodendrocytes has been associated with the unique neuropathology of MSA. We hypothesized that apolipoprotein E, which is associated with neurodegeneration, may also play a role in the pathogenesis of MSA.Objective: This study evaluated genetic associations of Apolipoprotein E alleles with risk of MSA and α‐synuclein pathology, and also examined whether apolipoprotein E isoforms differentially affect α‐synuclein uptake in a oligodendrocyte cell.Methods: One hundred sixty‐eight pathologically confirmed MSA patients, 89 clinically diagnosed MSA patients, and 1,277 control subjects were genotyped for Apolipoprotein E. Human oligodendrocyte cell lines were incubated with α‐synuclein and recombinant human apolipoprotein E, with internalized α‐synuclein imaged by confocal microscopy and cells analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: No significant association with risk of MSA or was observed for either Apolipoprotein E ɛ2 or ɛ4. α‐Synuclein burden was also not associated with Apolipoprotein E alleles in the pathologically confirmed patients. Interestingly, in our cell assays, apolipoprotein E ɛ4 significantly reduced α‐synuclein uptake in the oligodendrocytic cell line.Conclusions: Despite differential effects of apolipoprotein E isoforms on α‐synuclein uptake in a human oligodendrocytic cell, we did not observe a significant association at the Apolipoprotein E locus with risk of MSA or α‐synuclein pathology. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to assess the individual and combined contribution of limbic and neocortical α‐synuclein, tau, and amyloid β (Aβ) to duration of illness in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsQuantitative digital pathology of limbic and neocortical α‐synuclein, tau, and Aβ was assessed in 49 patients with clinically probable DLB. Regression modeling examined the unique and shared contribution of each pathology to the variance of illness duration.ResultsPatients with diffuse Lewy body disease had more severe pathology of each type and a shorter duration of illness than individuals with transitional Lewy body disease. The three pathologies accounted for 25% of the total variance of duration of illness, with 19% accounted for by α‐synuclein alone or in combination with tau and Aβ. When the diffuse Lewy body disease group was examined separately, α‐synuclein deposition significantly exceeded that of tau and Aβ. In this model, 20% of 24% total variance in the model for duration of illness was accounted for independently by α‐synuclein.DiscussionIn DLB, α‐synuclein is an important predictor of disease duration, both independently and synergistically with tau and Aβ.

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is one of the core features of progressive supranuclear palsy. This study aimed to clarify the profile of cognitive impairment and its underlying pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records to evaluate the pattern and severity of cognitive impairment in 121 autopsy‐confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy patients. A subset of 37 patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation as part of their clinical workup. The burden of progressive supranuclear palsy‐related tau pathology (neurofibrillary tangles/pretangles, coiled bodies, tufted astrocytes, and threads) was semiquantitatively scored in 20 vulnerable brain regions. Concurrent pathologies potentially associated with cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer's‐type pathology, were also assessed. To evaluate possible genetic risk factors for cognitive impairment, genetic analysis for APOE and MAPT was performed. Results Ninety patients (74%) had documented cognitive impairment based on neurologic evaluation. In a subgroup with neuropsychological testing (n = 37), executive functioning was the most severely impaired cognitive domain. A global cognitive impairment index (Spearman's rho, −0.49; P = 0.005) and executive functioning were negatively correlated with total tau burden (Spearman's rho, −0.51; P = 0.003), but not correlated with the Alzheimer's‐type pathology. APOE ɛ4 carriers had more severe amyloid pathology, but total tau burden and a global cognitive impairment index did not differ from APOE ɛ4 noncarriers. Conclusion Cognitive impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy, most notably executive dysfunction, is associated with severity of progressive supranuclear palsy‐related tau pathology. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society